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Controlled airspace is airspace of defined dimensions within which air traffic control (ATC) services are provided. [1] [2] The level of control varies with different classes of airspace. Controlled airspace usually imposes higher weather minimums than are applicable in uncontrolled airspace. [3] It is the opposite of uncontrolled airspace.
Controlled airspace is a generic term that covers the different classifications of airspace and defined dimensions within which air traffic control (ATC) service is provided in accordance with the airspace classification. Controlled airspace consists of: [14] Class A; Class B; Class C; Class D; Class E; Airspace classes in the United States
A control area (CTA) is often placed between a CTR and nearby airways to give uninterrupted controlled airspace to airways arrivals and departures. In Germany, control zones are a special type of class D airspace, called D (CTR). The main difference to the regular German class D airspace is, that within a CTR there is a minimum required cloud ...
Control areas are established in any areas when the density of air traffic is high: [2] An airway is a case of a "control area or portion of thereof established in the form of a corridor". [3] Terminal Control Area is "a control area normally established at the confluence of ATS routes in the vicinity of one or more major aerodromes." [1] [3]
The United States airspace system's classification scheme is intended to maximize pilot flexibility within acceptable levels of risk appropriate to the type of operation and traffic density within that class of airspace – in particular to provide separation and active control in areas of dense or high-speed flight operations.
The United States has 22 Air Route Traffic Control Centers (ARTCC). [1] They are operated by and are part of the Federal Aviation Administration of the U.S. Department of Transportation . An ARTCC controls aircraft flying in a specified region of airspace, known as a flight information region (FIR), typically during the en route portion of flight.
Area control centers (ACCs) control IFR air traffic in their flight information region (FIR). The current list of FIRs and ACCs is maintained by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). The following is the alphabetic list of all ACCs and their FIRs as of October 2011 [update] :
A map showing the borders of the United States' flight information regions as well as that of Canada and other neighboring nations. Old Federal Aviation Administration airspace map of ARTCCs in the United States overlaid with what states they cover Flight Information Regions (FIR) of France FIR and jurisdictional airspace in Japan FIR and jurisdictional airspace in South Korea