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  2. Punched card - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punched_card

    The terms punched card, punch card, and punchcard were all commonly used, as were IBM card and Hollerith card (after Herman Hollerith). [1] IBM used "IBM card" or, later, "punched card" at first mention in its documentation and thereafter simply "card" or "cards".

  3. Tabulating machine - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabulating_machine

    Hollerith's method was used for the 1890 census. Clerks used keypunches to punch holes in the cards entering age, state of residence, gender, and other information from the returns. Some 100 million cards were generated and "the cards were only passed through the machines four times during the whole of the operations."

  4. Herman Hollerith - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herman_Hollerith

    Herman Hollerith (February 29, 1860 – November 17, 1929) was a German-American statistician, inventor, and businessman who developed an electromechanical tabulating machine for punched cards to assist in summarizing information and, later, in accounting.

  5. Punched card sorter - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punched_card_sorter

    IBM 080 Card Sorter IBM 082 Card Sorter. A punched card sorter is a machine for sorting decks of punched cards. Sorting was a major activity in most facilities that processed data on punched cards using unit record equipment. The work flow of many processes required decks of cards to be put into some specific order as determined by the data ...

  6. Computer programming in the punched card era - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_programming_in...

    A single program deck, with individual subroutines marked. The markings show the effects of editing, as cards are replaced or reordered. Many early programming languages, including FORTRAN, COBOL and the various IBM assembler languages, used only the first 72 columns of a card – a tradition that traces back to the IBM 711 card reader used on the IBM 704/709/7090/7094 series (especially the ...

  7. Unit record equipment - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unit_record_equipment

    To process these punched cards, sometimes referred to as "Hollerith cards", he invented the keypunch, sorter, and tabulator unit record machines. [10] [11] These inventions were the foundation of the data processing industry. The tabulator used electromechanical relays to increment mechanical counters. Hollerith's method was used in the 1890 ...

  8. Keypunch - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keypunch

    Hollerith's Keyboard Punch.This photo is staged; the keyboard layout is for the Farm card (leftmost column is labeled "Kind of Farm") of an Agricultural Census while the paper under the punch shows the layout of the 1890 Population Census card (the actual 1890 census cards had no printing). [6]

  9. File:Hollerith Punched Card.jpg - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/.../File:Hollerith_Punched_Card.jpg

    Punch card for Herman Hollerith's Electric Sorting and Tabulating Machine, ca. 1895. Items portrayed in this file depicts. inception. 1895. File history.