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Thermoelectric cooling uses the Peltier effect to create a heat flux at the junction of two different types of materials. A Peltier cooler, heater, or thermoelectric heat pump is a solid-state active heat pump which transfers heat from one side of the device to the other, with consumption of electrical energy, depending on the direction of the current.
The Peltier effect can be used to create a heat pump. Notably, the Peltier thermoelectric cooler is a refrigerator that is compact and has no circulating fluid or moving parts. Such refrigerators are useful in applications where their advantages outweigh the disadvantage of their very low efficiency.
A typical Peltier cell based heat pump can be used by coupling the thermoelectric generators with photovoltaic air cooled panels as defined in the PhD thesis of Alexandra Thedeby. [5] Considering the system with an air plant that ensures the possibility of heating on one side and cooling on the other. [6]
Every human activity, transport and industrial process generates waste heat, being possible to harvest residual energy from cars, aircraft, ships, industries and the human body. [1] From cars the main source of energy is the exhaust gas. [32] Harvesting that heat energy using a thermoelectric generator can increase the fuel efficiency of the car.
The efficiency of a thermoelectric device for electricity generation is given by , defined as =.. The maximum efficiency of a thermoelectric device is typically described in terms of its device figure of merit where the maximum device efficiency is approximately given by [7] = + ¯ + ¯ +, where is the fixed temperature at the hot junction, is the fixed temperature at the surface being cooled ...
To make a typical pump, multiple junctions are created between two plates. One side heats and the other side cools. A dissipation device is attached to the hot side to maintain cooling effect on the cold side. [9] Typically, the use of the Peltier effect as a heat pump device involves multiple junctions in series, through which a current is ...