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In sign languages, the term classifier construction (also known as classifier predicates) refers to a morphological system that can express events and states. [1] They use handshape classifiers to represent movement, location, and shape. Classifiers differ from signs in their morphology, namely that signs consist of a single morpheme.
Stokoe notation (/ ˈ s t oʊ k i / STOH-kee) is the first [1] phonemic script used for sign languages.It was created by William Stokoe for American Sign Language (ASL), with Latin letters and numerals used for the shapes they have in fingerspelling, and iconic glyphs to transcribe the position, movement, and orientation of the hands.
The ASL handshape parameter contains over 55 handshapes, which is over double the amount contained in the Latin-script alphabet. [28] Some of the differences between these handshapes are small. These handshapes play into morphology and how meaning changes based on minuscule details.
In American Sign Language classifier constructions are used to express position, stative description (size and shape), and how objects are handled manually. The particular hand shape used to express any of these constructions is what functions as the classifier .
Like SignFont and Stokoe notation, ASL-phabet is a phonemic script, but it has been simplified to the point where there is some ambiguity, that is, one symbol can represent more than one phonemic element (handshape, location or movement). For example, whereas SignFont has 25 letters encoding types of movement, and Stokoe notation has 24, ASL ...
For example, in ASL, "water" it signed with a 'W' handshape touching the mouth, while "dentist" is similar apart from using a 'D' handshape. In other cases initialization is not used for disambiguation; the ASL sign for "elevator", for example, is an 'E' handshape moving up and down along the upright index finger of the other hand.
The Hamburg Sign Language Notation System (HamNoSys) is a transcription system for all sign languages (including American sign language). It has a direct correspondence between symbols and gesture aspects, such as hand location, shape and movement. [1] It was developed in 1984 at the University of Hamburg, Germany. [2]
Handshapes – Can be written before or after the locative. A handshape can be oriented in 360° depending on its location and is written at the end of its movement path if there is one. Each handshape present is written, and when more than one handshape (of one hand) is written, a movement must be present.