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Metastasis occurs in about 39% of patients, most commonly to the lung. Features associated with poor prognosis include a large primary tumor (over 5 cm across), high grade disease, co-existent neurofibromatosis, and the presence of metastases. [5] It is a rare tumor type, with a relatively poor prognosis in children. [6]
Ewing sarcoma occurs about 10- to 20-fold more commonly in people of European descent compared to people of African descent. [49] [10] Ewing sarcoma is the second most common bone cancer in children and adolescents, with poor prognosis and outcome in ~70% of initial diagnoses and 10–15% of relapses. [50]
A sarcoma is a malignant tumor, a type of cancer that arises from cells of mesenchymal (connective tissue) origin. [1] [2] Connective tissue is a broad term that includes bone, cartilage, muscle, fat, vascular, or other structural tissues, and sarcomas can arise in any of these types of tissues.
Due to the high chance of metastasis, full body PET/CT is often performed to look for cancer spread. Confirming diagnosis of Ewing’s sarcoma requires biopsy and genetic testing. The current practice for treatment is first neoadjuvant radiation to shrink the cancer, resection, and follow up chemotherapy. [1] [5]
Prognosis in rhabdomyosarcoma patients has been shown to be dependent on age, tumor site, resectability of tumor, tumor size, regional lymph node involvement, presence of metastasis, site and extent of metastasis, and biological and histopathological characteristics of the tumor cells. [44]
Post-treatment local recurrences and metastases were observed in 15% and 38% of cases; 5- and 10-year overall survival rates were 60% and 48%, respectively; Overall median survival time were 10.1 years; and patients with tumors ≥10 cm in longest diameter had an almost 6-fold higher rate of developing metastases than patients with tumors 4 cm ...
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