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  2. Dominance (genetics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominance_(genetics)

    Autosomal dominant and autosomal recessive inheritance, the two most common Mendelian inheritance patterns. An autosome is any chromosome other than a sex chromosome.. In genetics, dominance is the phenomenon of one variant of a gene on a chromosome masking or overriding the effect of a different variant of the same gene on the other copy of the chromosome.

  3. Evolution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolution

    Evolution is the change in the heritable characteristics of biological populations over successive generations. [1] [2] It occurs when evolutionary processes such as natural selection and genetic drift act on genetic variation, resulting in certain characteristics becoming more or less common within a population over successive generations. [3]

  4. Dual strategies theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual_strategies_theory

    An example of this is that prestige based leaders signal their status with an upwards head tilt versus a downward head tilt for dominance based leaders. [34] Humans use voice changes to signal status relationships with deepening vocal pitch during peer interactions indicating higher social rank. [ 35 ]

  5. Glossary of genetics and evolutionary biology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_genetics_and...

    Also called functionalism. The Darwinian view that many or most physiological and behavioral traits of organisms are adaptations that have evolved for specific functions or for specific reasons (as opposed to being byproducts of the evolution of other traits, consequences of biological constraints, or the result of random variation). adaptive radiation The simultaneous or near-simultaneous ...

  6. Introduction to evolution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Introduction_to_evolution

    Evolution does not strive for more advanced, more intelligent, or more sophisticated life forms. [25] For example, fleas (wingless parasites) are descended from a winged, ancestral scorpionfly, and snakes are lizards that no longer require limbs—although pythons still grow tiny structures that are the remains of their ancestor's hind legs.

  7. Evolutionary biology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolutionary_biology

    Some examples of evolution in species over many generations are the peppered moth and flightless birds. In the 1930s, the discipline of evolutionary biology emerged through what Julian Huxley called the modern synthesis of understanding, from previously unrelated fields of biological research, such as genetics and ecology, systematics , and ...

  8. Natural selection - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_selection

    Richard Lenski's classic E. coli long-term evolution experiment is an example of adaptation in a competitive environment, ("improvement in fitness" during "survival of the fittest"). [65] The probability of a beneficial mutation occurring on some member of the lineage to give improved fitness is slowed by the competition.

  9. Evolution as fact and theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolution_as_fact_and_theory

    Professor of biology Jerry Coyne sums up biological evolution succinctly: [3]. Life on Earth evolved gradually beginning with one primitive species – perhaps a self-replicating molecule – that lived more than 3.5 billion years ago; it then branched out over time, throwing off many new and diverse species; and the mechanism for most (but not all) of evolutionary change is natural selection.