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Memory architecture describes the methods used to implement electronic computer data storage in a manner that is a combination of the fastest, most reliable, most durable, and least expensive way to store and retrieve information. Depending on the specific application, a compromise of one of these requirements may be necessary in order to ...
Memory organization is an aspect of computer architecture that is concerned with the storage and transfer of data and programs [1]. There are several ways to organise memories with respect to the way they are connected to the cache: one-word-wide memory organisation; wide memory organisation; interleaved memory organisation; independent memory ...
This addressing mode, which always fetches data from memory or stores data to memory and then sequentially falls through to execute the next instruction (the effective address points to data), should not be confused with "PC-relative branch" which does not fetch data from or store data to memory, but instead branches to some other instruction ...
But it is possible to change the way in which they are placed in memory so as to maximize the number of sequential accesses from memory. This can be achieved by ordering the data as shown in the "optimized" column of the table. Such redistribution of data by the compiler can significantly reduce energy consumption due to memory access. [3]
Data structure alignment is the way data is arranged and accessed in computer memory. It consists of three separate but related issues: data alignment , data structure padding , and packing . The CPU in modern computer hardware performs reads and writes to memory most efficiently when the data is naturally aligned , which generally means that ...
The memory controller manages access to memory using the memory bus or a system bus, or through separate control, address, and data buses, to execute the program's commands. The bus managed by the memory controller consists of multiple parallel lines, each representing a binary digit (bit).
In logical block addressing, only one number is used to address data, and each linear base address describes a single block. The LBA scheme replaces earlier schemes which exposed the physical details of the storage device to the software of the operating system. Chief among these was the cylinder-head-sector (CHS) scheme, where blocks were addressed by means
Direct address: ADD.A address 1 — add the value stored at address 1; Memory indirect: ADD.M address 1 — read the value in address 1, use that value as another address and add that value; Many ISAs also have registers that can be used for addressing as well as math tasks. This can be used in a one-address format if a single address register ...