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Eleven of the 27 members of the 1952 National Executive Committee (NEC) were banned; and by 1955, 42 ANC leaders, including Walter Sisulu, had been banned. [11] During the 1950s, while the ANC intensified its domestic programme of protest action, it also began calling in the international arena for sanctions against the apartheid state.
Ruth First: Banned 1960 to 1982 (killed in exile by police letter bomb). Ela Gandhi: Banned in 1975. Alcott 'Skei' Gwentshe: Banned November 1952; sentenced to 9 years in prison for violating the banning order, 26 March 1953. Bertha Gxowa: Banned in 1960. [28] Adelaine Hain: Banned in 1963. [29] Viola Hashe: Banned in 1963 until her death in ...
Shevin-Coetzee, Marilyn, and Frans Coetzee, eds. World War One and European Society (1995). Shevin-Coetzee, Marilyn, and Frans Coetzee, eds. World War I: A History in Documents (2002) [ISBN missing] New International Year Book 1913 Comprehensive coverage of world affairs; strong on economics; 867pp; New International Year Book 1914, 913pp
This is a timeline of the British home front during the First World War from 1914 to 1918. This conflict was the first modern example of total war in the United Kingdom; innovations included the mobilisation of the workforce, including many women, for munitions production, conscription and rationing.
This is a timeline of the events and actions during the Troubles that were carried out in Great Britain, the vast majority of which were carried out by Irish Republican paramilitaries mainly the Provisional IRA were by far the most active but both the Official IRA and the Irish National Liberation Army, also carried out a number of attacks, which included bombings and shootings.
Opposition to World War I was widespread during the conflict and included socialists, such as anarchists, syndicalists, and Marxists, as well as Christian pacifists, anti-colonial nationalists, feminists, intellectuals, and the working class. The socialist movement had declared before the war their opposition to a war which they said could only ...
The NCC was re-formed during August 1940, just over a year after conscription was reintroduced. [10] The corps was composed of conscripted men who had been registered as non-combatants by tribunals. [11] Unlike in the First World War, there were also enlisted members of the NCC who had been deemed not physically competent for combatant service ...
Astonishingly, 7% of 18–24-year-olds believed Margaret Thatcher was resident at 10 Downing Street in 1918. Conversely, there was more certainty about the leadership of Germany during the war, with nearly a third recognising Kaiser Wilhelm II. As British Future’s research groups also discovered, many find it difficult to distinguish between ...