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A gas detector can sound an alarm to operators in the area where the leak is occurring, giving them the opportunity to leave. This type of device is important because there are many gases that can be harmful to organic life, such as humans or animals. Gas detectors can be used to detect combustible, flammable and toxic gases, and oxygen depletion.
More robust sensors for use in high risk environments may have solid steel housing with a gas port of sintered metal granules. [2] Both of these work in a manner similar to the Davy safety lamp ; gas may percolate through the permeable mesh, but the passages are too long and narrow to support the propagation of a flame.
Oldham EX2000 portable explosimeter. An explosimeter is a gas detector which is used to measure the amount of combustible gases present in a sample. When a percentage of the lower explosive limit (LEL) of an atmosphere is exceeded, an alarm signal on the instrument is activated.
A detector for propane is best placed down low near the floor, as propane is heavier than air. [3] A detector for natural gas (city gas) is best placed up high, near the ceiling. [3] Some detectors can detect both natural gas or propane, but this requires a compromise location. [4]
Helium is used as a tracer because it penetrates small leaks rapidly. Helium also has the properties of being non-toxic, chemically inert and present in the atmosphere only in minute quantities (5 ppm). Typically a helium leak detector will be used to measure leaks in the range of 10 −5 to 10 −12 Pa·m 3 ·s −1.
Helium is the least water-soluble monatomic gas, [96] and one of the least water-soluble of any gas (CF 4, SF 6, and C 4 F 8 have lower mole fraction solubilities: 0.3802, 0.4394, and 0.2372 x 2 /10 −5, respectively, versus helium's 0.70797 x 2 /10 −5), [97] and helium's index of refraction is closer to unity than that of any other gas. [98]