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  2. Polypersonal agreement - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polypersonal_agreement

    Basque is a language isolate with a polypersonal verbal system comprising two sub-types of verbs, synthetic and analytical. The following three cases are cross-referenced on the verb: the absolutive (the case for the subject of intransitive verbs and the direct objects of transitive verbs), the ergative (the case for the subject of transitive verbs), and the dative (the case for the indirect ...

  3. Split ergativity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Split_ergativity

    An example of split ergativity conditioned by the grammatical aspect is found in Hindustani (Hindi-Urdu); in the perfective aspect of transitive verbs (in active voice), the subject takes ergative case and the direct object takes an unmarked absolutive case identical to the nominative case, which is sometimes called direct case.

  4. Volition (linguistics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volition_(linguistics)

    That same sentence that used an additional clause can be expressed as a simple sentence, which can be considered a unitary event. [9] The differences between the two sentence constructions deals in the transitivity of the verb. An example of each sentence form is shown below. In example a, 'topple' takes on only one argument, the subject.

  5. Subject–verb–object word order - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subject–verb–object...

    An example of SVO order in English is: Andy ate cereal. In an analytic language such as English, subject–verb–object order is relatively inflexible because it identifies which part of the sentence is the subject and which one is the object. ("The dog bit Andy" and "Andy bit the dog" mean two completely different things, while, in case of ...

  6. Active–stative alignment - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active–stative_alignment

    In linguistic typology, active–stative alignment (also split intransitive alignment or semantic alignment) is a type of morphosyntactic alignment in which the sole argument ("subject") of an intransitive clause (often symbolized as S) is sometimes marked in the same way as an agent of a transitive verb (that is, like a subject such as "I" or "she" in English) but other times in the same way ...

  7. Sentence clause structure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sentence_clause_structure

    Example: She made me a pie. This clause pattern is a derivative of S+V+O, transforming the object of a preposition into an indirect object of the verb, as the example sentence in transformational grammar is actually "She made a pie for me". Subject + Verb (transitive) + Object + Object Complement Example: They made him happy.

  8. Volitive modality - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volitive_modality

    The verb form is formally called volitive, [3] [4] but in practice, it can be seen as a broader deontic form, rather than a pure volitive form, since it is also used to express orders and commands besides wishes and desires. Examples: Venu. ― "Come." (a request or command) Donu ĝin al mi. ― "Give it to me." (a request or command) Ni faru tion.

  9. Grammatical mood - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatical_mood

    In linguistics, grammatical mood is a grammatical feature of verbs, used for signaling modality. [1] [2]: 181 [3] That is, it is the use of verbal inflections that allow speakers to express their attitude toward what they are saying (for example, a statement of fact, of desire, of command, etc.).