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Karachi has two main seasons; summer and winter, while spring and autumn are very short. The Summer season persists for the longest period during the year. Karachi also receives the rains from late June to mid-September (Monsoon). The city experiences a tropical climate encompassing warm and dry winters and very hot, humid and rainy summers.
The Pakistan Meteorological Department (PMD) (Urdu: محکمہ موسمیات پاکستان, also known as Pakistan Met Office [3] [4]), is an autonomous and independent institution tasked with providing weather forecasts and public warnings concerning weather for protection, safety and general information.
Weather reconnaissance aircraft, such as this WP-3D Orion, provide data that is then used in numerical weather forecasts.. The atmosphere is a fluid.As such, the idea of numerical weather prediction is to sample the state of the fluid at a given time and use the equations of fluid dynamics and thermodynamics to estimate the state of the fluid at some time in the future.
Research has been growing significantly since the 2010s, and weather-drone data may in future be added to numerical weather models. [45] [46] Modern weather predictions aid in timely evacuations and potentially save lives and prevent property damage. Commerce provides pilot reports along aircraft routes, [47] and ship reports along shipping routes.
Parts of Karachi received 147 mm (5.79 inches) of rain overnight, the local weather office said. The city's mayor, Murtaza Wahab, in a post on X, urged residents to avoid "unnecessary movement".
A prognostic chart is a map displaying the likely weather forecast for a future time. Such charts generated by atmospheric models as output from numerical weather prediction and contain a variety of information such as temperature , wind , precipitation and weather fronts .
Only July, August and September average more than 75 millimeters of rain in the Karachi area; the remaining months are rather dry. The temperature is also more uniform in Karachi than in Islamabad, due to its tropical climate, ranging from an average daily low of 13 °C during winter evenings to an average daily high of 34 °C on summer days.
South Africa is a sunny country, averaging 8–10 daily sunshine hours in most regions. [2] The average annual rainfall for South Africa is about 464 mm (compared to a global average of 950 mm [3]) but large and unpredictable variations are common. Overall, rainfall is greatest in the east and gradually decreases westward, with some semi-desert ...