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The depressor labii inferioris muscle may be resected (cut and removed) using surgery to correct an asymmetry of the lower lip when smiling. [1] This asymmetry can be caused by paralysis of the marginal mandibular branch of the facial nerve on one side, so the healthy side may be cut to create symmetry. [ 1 ]
Inferior alveolar nerve block (abbreviated to IANB, and also termed inferior alveolar nerve anesthesia or inferior dental block) is a nerve block technique which induces anesthesia (numbness) in the areas of the mouth and face innervated by one of the inferior alveolar nerves which are paired on the left and right side.
The inferior alveolar nerves supply sensation to the lower teeth, [2]: 519 and, via the mental nerve, sensation to the chin and lower lip. [citation needed] The mylohyoid nerve is a motor nerve supplying the mylohyoid and the anterior belly of the digastric. [citation needed] [contradictory]
The mental nerve can be blocked with local anesthesia.This can be used in surgery of the chin, the lower lip, and the buccal mucosa from midline to the second premolar.In animals, it can be used in surgery of the lower lip, [2] and lower teeth anterior to the site of administration. [3]
Potential complications include injury to the inferior alveolar nerve which provides permanent numbness and damage to the lower lip and even death. Another factor to consider is the mentalis muscle which elevates the lower lip and chin. During the surgery, the mentalis muscles should be carefully reattached after the mandible bone has been excised.
Several nondental nerves are usually anesthetized during an inferior alveolar block. The mental nerve, which supplies cutaneous innervation to the anterior lip and chin, is a distal branch of the inferior alveolar nerve. When the inferior alveolar nerve is blocked, the mental nerve is blocked also, resulting in a numb lip and chin.
Small defects of the upper and lower lip can be closed primarily. For the upper lip, defects of up to 1/4 (25%) of the lip may be closed primarily. For the lower lip, defects of up to 1/3 of the lip may be closed primarily. This means the edges of the defect are simply sutured together in three layers: oral mucosa, muscle, and skin.
The lower teeth, and in particular the lower wisdom teeth, can therefore be in close proximity to this nerve. Damage to the inferior alveolar nerve is a risk of lower wisdom tooth removal (and other surgical procedures in the mandible). [20] This means there is a risk of temporary or permanent numbness or altered sensation to the lip +/- chin ...