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MRSA is responsible for several difficult-to-treat infections in humans. It caused more than 100,000 deaths worldwide attributable to antimicrobial resistance in 2019. MRSA is any strain of S. aureus that has developed (through natural selection) or acquired (through horizontal gene transfer) a multiple drug resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics.
In women where the pregnancy is not the first, malaria infection is more often asymptomatic, even at high parasite loads, compared to women having their first pregnancy. [1] There is a decreasing susceptibility to malaria with increasing parity, probably due to immunity to pregnancy-specific antigens. [1] Young maternal age and increases the ...
Syphilis, chlamydial infections, Lyme disease, mycoplasmal infections, acne rickettsial infections, malaria [note 1] Gastrointestinal upset; Sensitivity to sunlight; Potential toxicity to mother and fetus during pregnancy; Enamel hypoplasia (staining of teeth; potentially permanent) Transient depression of bone growth
To decrease the development of resistance, dicloxacillin is recommended to treat infections that are suspected or proven to be caused by beta-lactamase-producing bacteria. [5] Dicloxacillin is similar in pharmacokinetics, antibacterial activity, and indications to flucloxacillin, and the two agents are considered interchangeable. [6]
Vancomycin is a glycopeptide antibiotic medication used to treat certain bacterial infections. [7] It is administered intravenously (injection into a vein) to treat complicated skin infections, bloodstream infections, endocarditis, bone and joint infections, and meningitis caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. [8]
Minocycline is also used for other skin infections such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. [22]Although minocycline's broader spectrum of activity, compared with other members of the group, includes activity against Neisseria meningitidis, [23] its use for prophylaxis is no longer recommended because of side effects (dizziness and vertigo).
Mupirocin, sold under the brand name Bactroban among others, is a topical antibiotic useful against superficial skin infections such as impetigo or folliculitis. [5] [6] [7] It may also be used to get rid of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) when present in the nose without symptoms. [6]
Ertapenem, sold under the brand name Invanz, is a carbapenem antibiotic medication used for the treatment of infections of the abdomen, the lungs, the upper part of the female reproductive system, and the diabetic foot.