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Power Query was first announced in 2011 under the codename "Data Explorer" as part of Azure SQL Labs. In 2013, in order to expand on the self-service business intelligence capabilities of Microsoft Excel, the project was redesigned to be packaged as an add-in Excel and was renamed "Data Explorer Preview for Excel" [4], and was made available for Excel 2010 and Excel 2013. [5]
A query optimizer has two basic freedoms: Join order: Because it joins functions commutatively and associatively, the order in which the system joins tables does not change the final result set of the query. However, join-order could have an enormous impact on the cost of the join operation, so choosing the best join order becomes very important.
The relational algebra uses set union, set difference, and Cartesian product from set theory, and adds additional constraints to these operators to create new ones.. For set union and set difference, the two relations involved must be union-compatible—that is, the two relations must have the same set of attributes.
In response to a query, the database returns a result set. Often, data from multiple tables are combined into one, by doing a join. Conceptually, this is done by taking all possible combinations of rows (the Cartesian product), and then filtering out everything except the answer. There are a number of relational operations in addition to join.
A SQL query to a modern relational DBMS does more than just selections and joins. In particular, SQL queries often nest several layers of SPJ blocks (Select-Project-Join), by means of group by, exists, and not exists operators. In some cases such nested SQL queries can be flattened into a select-project-join query, but not always. Query plans ...
A lattice is an abstract structure studied in the mathematical subdisciplines of order theory and abstract algebra.It consists of a partially ordered set in which every pair of elements has a unique supremum (also called a least upper bound or join) and a unique infimum (also called a greatest lower bound or meet).
Defining an identity with respect to join makes it possible to extend the binary join operator into a n-ary join operator. [1]:89. Since the relational Cartesian product is a special case of join, the zero-degree relation of cardinality 1 is also the identity with respect to the Cartesian product. [1]:89
Let X be the unit Cartesian square [,] [,], and let ~ be the equivalence relation on X defined by (,) (,) for all [,] and (,) (,) for all [,], Then the quotient space / can be naturally identified (homeomorphism) with a torus: take a square piece of paper, bend and glue together the upper and lower edge to form a cylinder, then bend the ...