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Articulation is a musical parameter that determines how a single note or other discrete event is sounded. Articulations primarily structure an event's start and end, determining the length of its sound and the shape of its attack and decay.
Staccato ([stakˈkaːto]; Italian for "detached") is a form of musical articulation. In modern notation, it signifies a note of shortened duration, [ 1 ] [ 2 ] separated from the note that may follow by silence. [ 3 ]
The notation with dots under slurs is ambiguous, because it is also used for very different bowings, including staccato and flying spiccato. [1] [4] Currently, portato is sometimes indicated in words, by "mezzo-staccato" or "non-legato"; or can be shown by three graphic forms: a slur that encompasses a phrase of staccato notes (the most common), or
Legato, like staccato, is a kind of articulation. There is an intermediate articulation called either mezzo staccato or non-legato (sometimes referred to as portato ). Classical string instruments
According to David Boyden and Peter Walls in The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, the terms spiccato and staccato were regarded as equivalent before the mid-18th century. They cite, for example, Sébastien de Brossard 's Dictionnaire de musique , 1703, and Michel Corrette 's L'École d'Orphée , 1738.
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Scientific pitch notation is often used to specify the range of an instrument. It provides an unambiguous means of identifying a note in terms of textual notation rather than frequency, while at the same time avoiding the transposition conventions that are used in writing the music for instruments such as the clarinet and guitar.
Tenuto is notated three ways: . The word tenuto written above the passage to be played tenuto.; The abbreviation ten. written above the note or passage to be played tenuto.; A horizontal line, roughly the length of a notehead, placed immediately above or below the note to be played tenuto.