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Referring to a common salt of fluoride, sodium fluoride (NaF), the lethal dose for most adult humans is estimated at 5 to 10 g (which is equivalent to 32 to 64 mg elemental fluoride/kg body weight). [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] Ingestion of fluoride can produce gastrointestinal discomfort at doses at least 15 to 20 times lower (0.2–0.3 mg/kg or 10 to 15 ...
Toxic: a chemical that has a median lethal concentration (LC 50) in air of more than 200 parts per million (ppm) but not more than 2,000 parts per million by volume of gas or vapor, or more than 2 milligrams per liter but not more than 20 milligrams per liter of mist, fume or dust, when administered by continuous inhalation for 1 hour (or less if death occurs within 1 hour) to albino rats ...
Parts-per notation is often used describing dilute solutions in chemistry, for instance, the relative abundance of dissolved minerals or pollutants in water.The quantity "1 ppm" can be used for a mass fraction if a water-borne pollutant is present at one-millionth of a gram per gram of sample solution.
100 ppm IDLH (NIOSH): immediately dangerous to life and health (the level that interferes with the ability to escape) 0.00047 ppm or 0.47 ppb is the odor threshold, the point at which 50% of a human panel can detect the presence of an odor without being able to identify it. [67] 10–20 ppm is the borderline concentration for eye irritation.
1400 ppm: 141797 (10% Lower explosive limit LEL) 72-43-5: 1306: Methoxychlor: 5000 mg/m 3-72435, carcinogenic substance 79-20-9: 0507: Methyl acetate: 9393 mg/m 3: 3100 ppm: 79209 (10% Lower explosive limit LEL) 74-99-7: 0560: Methyl acetylene: 2788 mg/m 3: 1700 ppm: 74997 (10% Lower explosive limit LEL) 59355-75-8-Methyl acetylene-propadiene ...
Humans can smell chlorine gas at ranges from 0.1–0.3 ppm. According to a review from 2010: "At 1–3 ppm, there is mild mucous membrane irritation that can usually be tolerated for about an hour. At 5–15 ppm, there is moderate mucous membrane irritation. At 30 ppm and beyond, there is immediate chest pain, shortness of breath, and cough.
[10] [12] Many factors contribute in establishing Permissible Exposure Limits. Threshold Limit Values (TLVs), often determined by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGHI), is a key component in determining the PEL. [11] [10] Other things that contribute to determining the PEL are toxicity and particle size. [10]
Fluoride toothpaste, with concentrations of 1000 ppm and above, reduces the risk of dental caries in school-aged children and adolescents. [10] As primary teeth are being developed, the ingestion of fluoride causes the teeth to form stronger and more resistant to cavities, although this increases the risk of dental fluorosis.