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Some early modern scholars such as Antoine Augustin Calmet (1672–1757) and later figures such as Ernst Friedrich Karl Rosenmüller (1768–1835), and Carl Friedrich Keil (1807–1888), believed the source river [for Eden] was a region of springs: "The Pishon and Gihon were mountain streams.
Rivers of Paradise flowing underneath the feet of Lamb of God (mosaic in Santi Cosma e Damiano, ca. 530 AD). Following Saint Ambrose [2] (per Cohen, [11] the association was established earlier, in a letter by Cyprian in 256 AD) the rivers are interpreted as four evangelists (or Gospels), with Water of Life flowing from the word of Christ (the Fountain of Life [11]) to bring salvation.
Gihon is the name of the second river mentioned in the second chapter of the biblical Book of Genesis.The Gihon is mentioned as one of four rivers (along with the Tigris, Euphrates, and Pishon) issuing out of Eden, branching from a single river that split after watering the Garden of Eden (Genesis 2:10-14).
The "waters of Merom" used to be identified with a lake ten miles north of the Sea of Galilee, formed by the River Jordan. [3]The "waters of Merom" were previously thought to be Lake Hula, but this is disputed and the name was more likely to apply to a spring or stream in the area.
The locations, lands, and nations mentioned in the Bible are not all listed here. Some locations might appear twice, each time under a different name. Only places having their own Wikipedia articles are included. See also the list of minor biblical places for locations which do not have their own Wikipedia article.
A spring is the "eye of the landscape", the natural burst of living water, flowing all year or drying up at certain seasons. In contrast to the "troubled waters" of wells and rivers (Jer. 2:18), there gushes forth from it "living water", to which Jesus compared the grace of the Holy Spirit (John 4:10; 7:38; compare Isaiah 12:3; 44:3).
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The region lies directly east of the Jordan River and just northeast of the Dead Sea. Mount Nebo (31°45.9'N 35°43.1'E) is the highest among a handful of Pisgah summits; an arid cluster of hilltops on the western edge of the Trans-Jordanian Plateau.