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  2. Oncology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oncology

    Pain & Palliative oncology: focuses on treatment of end stage cancer to help alleviate pain and suffering. [26] Molecular oncology: focuses on molecular diagnostic methods in oncology. [27] Nuclear medicine oncology: focuses on diagnosis and treatment of cancer with radiopharmaceuticals.

  3. Bone scintigraphy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bone_scintigraphy

    A bone scan or bone scintigraphy / s ɪ n ˈ t ɪ ɡ r ə f i / is a nuclear medicine imaging technique used to help diagnose and assess different bone diseases. These include cancer of the bone or metastasis, location of bone inflammation and fractures (that may not be visible in traditional X-ray images), and bone infection (osteomyelitis).

  4. Tumor marker - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumor_marker

    Tumor markers alone can't be used for diagnostic purposes, due to lack of sensitivity and specificity. [5] The only approved diagnostic method for cancer is with a biopsy. Detects reoccurring cancers; Tumor markers can detect reoccurring cancers in patients post-treatment. [4]

  5. Molecular diagnostics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_diagnostics

    For example, the ColoGuard test may be used to screen people over 55 years old for colorectal cancer. [57] Cancer is a longtime-scale disease with various progression steps, molecular diagnostics tools can be used for prognosis of cancer progression. For example, the OncoType Dx test by Genomic Health can estimate risk of breast cancer.

  6. Neoplasm - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neoplasm

    Longitudinally opened freshly resected colon segment showing a cancer and four polyps, plus a schematic diagram indicating a likely field defect (a region of tissue that precedes and predisposes to the development of cancer) in this colon segment. The diagram indicates sub-clones and sub-sub-clones that were precursors to the tumors.

  7. Circulating tumor cell - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circulating_Tumor_Cell

    An illustration depicting primary tumor (in the form of tumor microenvironment) and the circulating tumor cells. A circulating tumor cell (CTC) is a cancer cell from a primary tumor that has shed into the blood of the circulatory system, or the lymph of the lymphatic system. [1]

  8. Acute myeloid leukemia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acute_myeloid_leukemia

    Diagram showing the cells where AML develops. The malignant cell in AML is the myeloblast . In normal development of blood cells ( hematopoiesis ), the myeloblast is an immature precursor of myeloid white blood cells; a normal myeloblast will mature into a white blood cell such as an eosinophil , basophil , neutrophil or monocyte .

  9. TNM staging system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TNM_staging_system

    G (1–4): the grade of the cancer cells (i.e. they are "low grade" if they appear similar to normal cells, and "high grade" if they appear poorly differentiated) S (0–3): elevation of serum tumor markers; R (0–2): the completeness of the operation (resection-boundaries free of cancer cells or not) Pn (0–1): invasion into adjunct nerves