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Uruk, the archeological site known today as Warka, was an ancient city in the Near East, located east of the current bed of the Euphrates River, on an ancient, now-dried channel of the river. The site lies 93 kilometers (58 miles) northwest of ancient Ur , 108 kilometers (67 miles) southeast of ancient Nippur , and 24 kilometers (15 miles ...
Named after the Sumerian city of Uruk, this period saw the emergence of urban life in Mesopotamia and the Sumerian civilization. [2] The late Uruk period (34th to 32nd centuries) saw the gradual emergence of the cuneiform script and corresponds to the Early Bronze Age; it has also been described as the "Protoliterate period". [3] [4]
Sumerian dignitary, Uruk, circa 3300-3000 BCE. National Museum of Iraq. [3] [4] Fragment of a Bull Figurine from Uruk, c. 3000 BCEVotive sculptures in the form of small animal figurines have been found at Uruk, using a style mixing naturalistic and abstract elements in order to capture the spiritual essence of the animal, rather than depicting an entirely anatomically accurate figure.
[47] [32] Despondent at this loss, Gilgamesh returns to Uruk, [47] and shows his city to the ferryman Urshanabi. [47] At this point the continuous narrative ends. [47] [32] [62] Tablet XII is an appendix corresponding to the Sumerian poem of Gilgamesh, Enkidu and the Netherworld describing the loss of the pikku and mikku. [47] [32] [62]
Enmerkar [a] [b] (fl. c. 2750 BC) was an ancient Sumerian ruler to whom the construction of the city of Uruk and a 420-year reign [c] was attributed. According to literary sources, he led various campaigns against the land of Aratta. He is credited in Sumerian legend as the inventor of writing. [4]
The Uruk Trough is an important Sumerian sculpture found at the site of Uruk, Iraq.It has been part of the British Museum's collection since 1928. [1] [2] Along with the Uruk Vase, the trough is considered to be one of the earliest surviving works of narrative relief sculpture from the Middle East, dating to 3300–3000 BC, during the Uruk period.
Uruk became the template of an urban culture which spread throughout Western Asia via colonization and conquest, and more generally as societies became larger and more sophisticated. The construction of cities was the end product of trends which began in the Neolithic Revolution. The growth of the city was partly planned and partly organic.
In Late Brak Period F (c. 3600–3000 BC; LC4) interatction with Southern Mesopotamia increased, [45] and an Urukean colony was established in the city. [46] [47] With the end of Uruk culture c 3000 BC, Tell Brak's Urukean colony was abandoned and deliberately leveled by its occupants. [48] [49]