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Formal languages are used as tools in multiple disciplines. However, formal language theory rarely concerns itself with particular languages (except as examples), but is mainly concerned with the study of various types of formalisms to describe languages. For instance, a language can be given as those strings generated by some formal grammar;
Context-sensitive language; Decidable language; ECLR-attributed grammar; Finite language; Formal grammar; Formal language; Formal system; Generalized star height problem; Kleene algebra; Kleene star; L-attributed grammar; LR-attributed grammar; Myhill-Nerode theorem; Parsing expression grammar; Prefix grammar; Pumping lemma; Recursively ...
Sparse language; Splicing rule; Square-free word; Star height; Star height problem; Star-free language; Stochastic language; Straight-line grammar; String (computer science) String operations; Substring; Symbol (formal) Synchronous context-free grammar; Syntactic monoid; Syntactic predicate; Syntax (logic) Syntax diagram; Formal system
In formal language theory, an alphabet, sometimes called a vocabulary, is a non-empty set of indivisible symbols/characters/glyphs, [1] typically thought of as representing letters, characters, digits, phonemes, or even words.
Formal language theory, the discipline that studies formal grammars and languages, is a branch of applied mathematics. Its applications are found in theoretical computer science, theoretical linguistics, formal semantics, mathematical logic, and other areas. A formal grammar is a set of rules for rewriting strings, along with a "start symbol ...
Formal linguistics is the branch of linguistics which uses applied mathematical methods for the analysis of natural languages. Such methods include formal languages, formal grammars and first-order logical expressions. Formal linguistics also forms the basis of computational linguistics.
Another central idea of linguistic formalism is that human language can be defined as a formal language like the language of mathematics and programming languages. Additionally, formal rules can be applied outside of logic or mathematics to human language, treating it as a mathematical formal system with a formal grammar. [27] A characteristic ...
Unlike conventional human languages, a formal language in this sense is a system of signs for encoding and decoding information. This article specifically concerns the properties of natural human language as it is studied in the discipline of linguistics.