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A mixed oxidant solution (MOS) is a type of disinfectant that has many uses including disinfecting, sterilizing, and eliminating pathogenic microorganisms in water. [1] An MOS may have advantages such as a higher disinfecting power, stable residual chlorine in water, elimination of biofilm, and safety. [2]
In chemistry, oxychlorination is a process for generating the equivalent of chlorine gas (Cl 2) from hydrogen chloride and oxygen. [1] This process is attractive industrially because hydrogen chloride is less expensive than chlorine. [2]
A chlorate candle, or an oxygen candle, is a cylindrical chemical oxygen generator that contains a mix of sodium chlorate and iron powder, which when ignited smolders at about 600 °C (1,100 °F), producing sodium chloride, iron oxide, and oxygen at a fixed rate of about 6.5 man-hours per kilogram of the mixture. The mixture has an indefinite ...
It uses a proton-exchange membrane, or polymer-electrolyte membrane (PEM), which is a semipermeable membrane generally made from ionomers and designed to conduct protons while acting as an insulator and reactant barrier, e.g. to oxygen and hydrogen gas. [43] PEM fuel cells use a solid polymer membrane (a thin plastic film) that is permeable to ...
The reaction at the anode results in chlorine gas from chlorine ions: 2 Cl − → Cl 2 + 2 e −. The reaction at the cathode results in hydrogen gas and hydroxide ions: 2 H 2 O + 2 e − → H 2 + 2 OH −. Without a partition between the electrodes, the OH − ions produced at the cathode are free to diffuse throughout the electrolyte to the ...
The chlorine gas is compressed at this stage and may be further cooled by inter- and after-coolers. After compression it flows to the liquefiers, where it is cooled enough to liquefy. Non condensible gases and remaining chlorine gas are vented off as part of the pressure control of the liquefaction systems.
A gas regulator attached to a nitrogen cylinder. Industrial gases are the gaseous materials that are manufactured for use in industry.The principal gases provided are nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, argon, hydrogen, helium and acetylene, although many other gases and mixtures are also available in gas cylinders.
Since 2005, a cartridge with potassium chlorate mixed with lactose and rosin is used for generating the white smoke signaling the election of new pope by a papal conclave. [9] High school and college laboratories often use potassium chlorate to generate oxygen gas. [citation needed] It is a far cheaper source than a pressurized or cryogenic ...