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In 2007 the concept of the default mode was criticized as not being useful for understanding brain function, on the grounds that a simpler hypothesis is that a resting brain actually does more processing than a brain doing certain "demanding" tasks, and that there is no special significance to the intrinsic activity of the resting brain. [78]
Thus, when the neurons controlling the proximal parts of the tract are active, those that command more distal parts are inhibited. Apart from the type of connection between the neurons, intrinsic properties of the neurons, especially those of NTS neurons, probably also contribute to the shaping and timing of the swallowing pattern.
Central pattern generators are groups of neurons in the spinal cord that are responsible for generating stereotyped movement. It has been shown that in cats, rhythmic activation patterns are still observed following removal of sensory afferents and removal of the brain., [1] indicating that there is neural pattern generation in the spinal cord independent of descending signals from the brain ...
The function of the brain is to provide coherent control over the actions of an animal. A centralized brain allows groups of muscles to be co-activated in complex patterns; it also allows stimuli impinging on one part of the body to evoke responses in other parts, and it can prevent different parts of the body from acting at cross-purposes to ...
Motor control includes conscious voluntary movements, subconscious muscle memory and involuntary reflexes, [1] as well as instinctual taxes. To control movement, the nervous system must integrate multimodal sensory information (both from the external world as well as proprioception) and elicit the necessary signals to recruit muscles to carry ...
The salience network is theorised to mediate switching between the default mode network and frontoparietal network (central executive network). [1] [2] [3]The frontoparietal network (FPN), generally also known as the central executive network (CEN) or, more specifically, the lateral frontoparietal network (L-FPN) (see Nomenclature), is a large-scale brain network primarily composed of the ...
An example that identified 10 large-scale brain networks from resting state fMRI activity through independent component analysis [15]. Because brain networks can be identified at various different resolutions and with various different neurobiological properties, there is currently no universal atlas of brain networks that fits all circumstances. [16]
Relay interneurons have long axons and connect circuits of neurons in one region of the brain with those in other regions. [5] However, interneurons are generally considered to operate mainly within local brain areas. [6] The interaction between interneurons allows the brain to perform complex functions such as learning and decision-making.