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Danaus chrysippus, also known as the plain tiger, [1] [2] African queen, [2] or African monarch, is a medium-sized butterfly widespread in Asia, Australia and Africa. [2] It belongs to the Danainae subfamily of the brush-footed butterfly family Nymphalidae .
This genus was formerly split into the subgenera Danaus, Salatura, and Anosia, but this arrangement has been abolished.While the first (the 2–3 monarch butterflies) and Salatura (species ismare, genutia, affinis, and melanippus) do indeed seem to be clades, the relationship of these to the other species, especially the puzzling D. dorippus, is not clear.
Danaus chrysippus showing hair-pencil at the end of the abdomen. Hair-pencils and coremata are pheromone signaling structures present in lepidopteran males. Males use hair-pencils in courtship behaviors with females. The pheromones they excrete serve as both aphrodisiacs and tranquilizers to females as well as repellents to conspecific males. [1]
The queen butterfly (Danaus gilippus) is a North and South American butterfly in the family Nymphalidae with a wingspan of 80–85 mm (3 + 1 ⁄ 8 – 3 + 3 ⁄ 8 in). [3] It is orange or brown with black wing borders and small white forewing spots on its dorsal wing surface, and reddish ventral wing surface fairly similar to the dorsal surface.
Puddling" is a behavior generally done by male butterflies in which they gather to drink nutrients and water and incorporating a puddling ground for butterflies will enhance a butterfly garden. [8] [9] While butterflies are not the only pollinators, creating butterfly habitat also creates habitat for bees, beetles, flies, and other pollinators. [7]
Three Danainae butterflies, clockwise from left: dark blue tiger (Tirumala septentrionis), striped blue crow (Euploea mulciber), and common tiger (Danaus genutia)This is a list of the butterflies of India belonging to the subfamily Danainae of the family Nymphalidae and an index to the species articles.
An example can be found in the plain tiger (Danaus chrysippus), a non-edible butterfly, ... secreting the ant repellent through a rubbing behavior. [21]
The females of H. misippus mimic (in appearance) the similar-sized Danaus chrysippus [19] or the Plain Tiger, a toxic butterfly with the toxic Milkweed as its host plant. The vibrant colours of the Plain Tiger advertise its unpalatable nature to predators around, so the Danaid female sends out the same signal, regardless of it not being toxic .