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Canadian Confederation (French: Confédération canadienne) was the process by which three British North American provinces—the Province of Canada, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick—were united into one federation, called the Dominion of Canada, on July 1, 1867.
The politics of Canada functions within a framework of parliamentary democracy and a federal system of parliamentary government with strong democratic traditions. [1] Canada is a constitutional monarchy where the monarch is the ceremonial head of state.
The federal government is partially limited by powers assigned to the provincial legislatures; for example, the Canadian constitution created broad provincial jurisdiction over direct taxation and property and civil rights. Many disputes between the two levels of government revolve around conflicting interpretations of the meaning of these powers.
John A. Macdonald, Canada's first Prime Minister and Minister of Justice developed the original principles of disallowance. Following Confederation in 1867, the Dominion government began the process of interpreting the new British North America Act and determining the responsibilities
The Supreme Court of Canada has held that this list is not exhaustive and that the Constitution of Canada includes a number of pre-confederation acts and unwritten components as well. [7] [8] The Canadian constitution also includes the fundamental principles of federalism, democracy, constitutionalism and the rule of law, and respect for ...
[3] [4] Those conferences were followed by consultations with the British government in 1867. [3] [5] The Act was then enacted by the British Parliament under the name the British North America Act, 1867. [6] [7] In 1982 the Act was brought under full Canadian control through the Patriation of the Constitution, and was renamed the Constitution ...
Canada and the Canadian Question is an 1891 book written by British-Canadian author Goldwin Smith that analyzes 19th-century Canada, including its governance, Quebec's French roots, and the Canadian Confederation. [1] Its argument in favor of combining Canada with the northern states of the U.S. caused a furor. [2]
As part of the British North America Act, 1867, the Parliament of Canada was granted power to implement certain treaties: . 132.The Parliament and Government of Canada shall have all Powers necessary or proper for performing the Obligations of Canada or of any Province thereof, as Part of the British Empire, towards Foreign Countries, arising under Treaties between the Empire and such Foreign ...