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Northern Renaissance artists revolutionized painting. With their mastery of the oil medium and naturalistic compositions, these seven Renaissance painters had a profound influence on artistic practice across Europe.
Spanning two centuries—from around 1380 to 1580—the Northern Renaissance was the period in which the artistic practices and humanist ideals of Renaissance Italy migrated north across the Alps, and flourished in Germany, the Netherlands, and France.
During the late 15 th and early 16 th centuries, Northern artists, many of whom traveled to Italy, created paintings that, for the first time, combined regional traditions with elements taken from the Italian Renaissance, such as architectural forms and imagery from classical antiquity.
Later in the 16th century Northern painters increasingly looked and travelled to Rome, becoming known as the Romanists. The High Renaissance art of Michelangelo and Raphael and the late Renaissance stylistic tendencies of Mannerism that were in vogue had a great impact on their work.
The Northern European Renaissance began around 1430 when artist Jan van Eyck began to borrow the Italian Renaissance techniques of linear perspective, naturalistic observation, and a realistic figurative approach for his paintings.
The Northern Renaissance is a period in which artists north of the Alps—namely, in the Low Countries (the Netherlands and Belgium), Germany, France, and England— adopted and adapted the ideas of the Italian Renaissance.
View all 15th- and 16th-Century Northern European paintings. The 15th and 16th centuries saw the rise of capitalism and a burgeoning middle class, the creation of modern nation states, and the upheaval of the Protestant Reformation.
Painters from the Italian Renaissance found inspiration from the substantial collection of surviving artworks from Greco-Roman Classicism. The Northern Renaissance explored the late Gothic style of artistic expression with somber and often darkly psychological undertones.
The great artists who inspired the Northern Renaissance included Jan van Eyck (and his brother Hubert, about whom little is known), Robert Campin and Rogier van der Weyden. As Italy moved into the High Renaissance, the north retained a distinct Gothic influence.
Roughly concurrent with the much-studied Italian Renaissance of the fifteenth century, a distinct artistic movement swept through many parts of Northern Europe and produced timeless works of art.