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Simon's problem considers access to a function : {,} {,}, as implemented by a black box or an oracle. This function is promised to be either a one-to-one function, or a two-to-one function; if is two-to-one, it is furthermore promised that two inputs and ′ evaluate to the same value if and only if and ′ differ in a fixed set of bits. I.e.,
The relation between local and global truncation errors is slightly different from in the simpler setting of one-step methods. For linear multistep methods, an additional concept called zero-stability is needed to explain the relation between local and global truncation errors.
In predictive analytics, a table of confusion (sometimes also called a confusion matrix) is a table with two rows and two columns that reports the number of true positives, false negatives, false positives, and true negatives. This allows more detailed analysis than simply observing the proportion of correct classifications (accuracy).
An oracle machine can be conceived as a Turing machine connected to an oracle. The oracle, in this context, is an entity capable of solving some problem, which for example may be a decision problem or a function problem. The problem does not have to be computable; the oracle is not assumed to be a Turing machine or computer program.
More generally, there are d! possible orders for a given array, one for each permutation of dimensions (with row-major and column-order just 2 special cases), although the lists of stride values are not necessarily permutations of each other, e.g., in the 2-by-3 example above, the strides are (3,1) for row-major and (1,2) for column-major.
In computer science, array is a data type that represents a collection of elements (values or variables), each selected by one or more indices (identifying keys) that can be computed at run time during program execution. Such a collection is usually called an array variable or array value. [1]
This is because the size of this interval is many orders of magnitude larger than the distance between adjacent normal floating-point values just outside the gap. For instance, if the floating-point datatype can represent 20 bits , the underflow gap is 2 21 times larger than the absolute distance between adjacent floating-point values just ...
Condition numbers can also be defined for nonlinear functions, and can be computed using calculus.The condition number varies with the point; in some cases one can use the maximum (or supremum) condition number over the domain of the function or domain of the question as an overall condition number, while in other cases the condition number at a particular point is of more interest.