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Jerusalem [note 2] is a city in the Southern Levant, on a plateau in the Judaean Mountains between the Mediterranean and the Dead Sea. It is one of the oldest cities in the world, and is considered holy to the three major Abrahamic religions—Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.
Jerusalem is one of the world's oldest cities, with a history spanning over 5,000 years. Its origins trace back to around 3000 BCE, with the first settlement near the Gihon Spring. The city is first mentioned in Egyptian execration texts around 2000 BCE as "Rusalimum."
The status of Jerusalem has been described as "one of the most intractable issues in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict" due to the long-running territorial dispute between Israel and the Palestinians, both of which claim it as their capital city.
Jerusalem is an ancient city of the Middle East that since 1967 has been wholly under the rule of the State of Israel. Long an object of veneration and conflict, Jerusalem has been governed by an extended series of dynasties and states over centuries.
Jérusalem, couvrant 126 km2, est localisée entre la mer Méditerranée (à 52 km) et la mer Morte (à 22 km), sur l'extrémité d'un plateau calcaire des monts de Judée (dont le mont Sion) à 745 m d’altitude moyenne, avec de fortes variations entre monts et vallées (de 700 à 800 m environ).
66–73 CE: First Jewish-Roman War, with the Judean rebellion led by Simon Bar Giora. 70 CE: Siege of Jerusalem (70) Titus, eldest son of Emperor Vespasian, ends the major portion of First Jewish–Roman War and destroys Herod's Temple on Tisha B'Av. The Roman legion Legio X Fretensis is garrisoned in the city.
Jerusalem has been the holiest city in Judaism and the spiritual land of the Jewish people since the 10th century BC. [3] During classical antiquity, Jerusalem was considered the center of the world, where God resided. [4] The city of Jerusalem is given special status in Jewish religious law.
Jerusalem is Islam's third holiest city, after Mecca and Medina in Saudi Arabia. According to Muslim tradition, Muhammad originally selected Jerusalem as the qibla : the direction Muslims should face during prayer.
Jerusalem liegt 60 km östlich von Tel Aviv-Jaffa und dem Mittelmeer. Im Osten der Stadt, etwa 35 km entfernt, liegt das Tote Meer. Weitere Städte und Siedlungen in der näheren Umgebung sind Bethlehem und Bait Dschala im Süden, Abu Dis und Maʿale Adummim im Osten, sowie Ramallah und Givʿat Seev im Norden.
Names of Jerusalem refers to the multiple names by which the city of Jerusalem has been known and the etymology of the word in different languages. According to the Jewish Midrash, "Jerusalem has 70 names". [1] Lists have been compiled of 72 different Hebrew names for Jerusalem in Jewish scripture. [2]