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In chess, prophylaxis consists of a move or series of moves done by a player to prevent their opponent from taking some action. Such preventive moves, or prophylactic moves, aim not only to improve one's position but also to restrict the opponent in improving their own. Many standard and widespread opening moves can be considered prophylactic.
Another of his key concepts was prophylaxis, moves aimed at limiting the opponent's mobility to the point where he would no longer have any useful moves. In 1952, Fine published the 442-page The Middle Game in Chess , perhaps the most comprehensive treatment of the subject up until that time. [ 70 ]
However this proved insufficient to prevent Morphy's win—game and match—in the eleventh. Chess writer Philip W. Sergeant documented the match in a compilation of Morphy's games. [5] All three games opened identically through their seventh moves. In each the players transposed to a Reversed Sicilian structure, exchanging pawns.
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Due to moving first, White starts the game with the initiative, [2] but it can be lost in the opening by accepting a gambit.Players can also lose initiative by making unnecessary moves that allow the opponent to gain tempo, such as superfluous "preventive" (prophylactic) moves intended to guard against certain actions by the opponent, that nonetheless require no specific response by them.
The Giuoco Piano (pronounced [ˈdʒwɔːko ˈpjaːno]; Italian for 'Quiet Game') [1] is a chess opening beginning with the moves: 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bc4 Bc5 "White aims to develop quickly – but so does Black. White can construct a pawn centre but in unfavourable conditions a centre which cannot provide a basis for further active play." [4]
The game was arranged as a display of living chess in Act II of Der Seekadet, an 1876 operetta by Genée and Zell: [9] 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.d4 exd4 4.c3 (the Göring Gambit ) dxc3 5.Nxc3 d6 6.Bc4 Bg4 7.0-0 Ne5 8.Nxe5 Bxd1 9.Bxf7+ Ke7 10.Nd5# 1–0
Major changes in the rules of chess in the late fifteenth century increased the speed of the game, consequently emphasizing the importance of opening study. Thus, early chess books, such as the 1497 text of Luis Ramirez de Lucena , present opening analysis, as do Pedro Damiano (1512) and Ruy López de Segura (1561).