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Neodymium-doped yttrium orthovanadate (Nd:YVO 4) is a crystalline material formed by adding neodymium ions to yttrium orthovanadate. It is commonly used as an active laser medium for diode-pumped solid-state lasers. It comes as a transparent blue-tinted material. It is birefringent, therefore rods made of it are usually rectangular.
Yttrium orthovanadate (YVO 4) is a transparent crystal.Undoped YVO 4 is also used to make efficient high-power polarizing prisms similar to Glan–Taylor prisms. [1]There are two principal applications for doped yttrium orthovanadate:
When pointed at many white objects (such as white paper or white clothes which have been washed in certain washing powders) the visual appearance of the laser dot changes from violet to blue, due to fluorescence of brightening dyes. For display applications which must appear "true blue", a wavelength of 445–450 nm is required.
A rainbow is a decomposition of white light into all of the spectral colors. Laser beams are monochromatic light, thereby exhibiting spectral colors. A spectral color is a color that is evoked by monochromatic light, i.e. either a spectral line with a single wavelength or frequency of light in the visible spectrum, or a relatively narrow spectral band (e.g. lasers).
Blue DPSSLs use a nearly identical process, except that the 808 nm light is being converted by an Nd:YAG crystal to 946 nm light (selecting this non-principal spectral line of neodymium in the same Nd-doped crystals), which is then frequency-doubled to 473 nm by a beta barium borate (BBO) crystal or LBO crystal. Because of the lower gain for ...
Mathematically, for the spectral power distribution of a radiant exitance or irradiance one may write: =where M(λ) is the spectral irradiance (or exitance) of the light (SI units: W/m 2 = kg·m −1 ·s −3); Φ is the radiant flux of the source (SI unit: watt, W); A is the area over which the radiant flux is integrated (SI unit: square meter, m 2); and λ is the wavelength (SI unit: meter, m).
Colorimetry is "the science and technology used to quantify and describe physically the human color perception". [1] It is similar to spectrophotometry, but is distinguished by its interest in reducing spectra to the physical correlates of color perception, most often the CIE 1931 XYZ color space tristimulus values and related quantities.
146 Nd has been suggested for the production of 147 Pm, which is a source of radioactive power. Several neodymium isotopes have been used for the production of other promethium isotopes. The decay from 147 Sm (t 1/2 = 1.06 × 10 11 y) to the stable 143 Nd allows for samarium–neodymium dating. [27] 150 Nd has also been used to study double ...