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Nerve compression syndrome, or compression neuropathy, or nerve entrapment syndrome, is a medical condition caused by chronic, direct pressure on a peripheral nerve. [1] It is known colloquially as a trapped nerve , though this may also refer to nerve root compression (by a herniated disc , for example).
Causes can be bone fragments from a vertebral fracture, a tumor, abscess, ruptured intervertebral disc or other lesion. When acute it can cause a medical emergency independent of its cause, and require swift diagnosis and treatment to prevent long-term disability due to irreversible spinal cord injury.
During a microdiscectomy, a procedure to remove part of an intervertebral disc that is pressing on the spinal nerves, the ligamenta flava may need to be removed or reshaped. [8] A hook can be placed underneath a ligamentum flavum to ensure it is separated from the dura mater .
Spinal stenosis is an abnormal narrowing of the spinal canal or neural foramen that results in pressure on the spinal cord or nerve roots. [6] Symptoms may include pain, numbness, or weakness in the arms or legs. [1]
An intervertebral disc (British English), also spelled intervertebral disk (American English), lies between adjacent vertebrae in the vertebral column.Each disc forms a fibrocartilaginous joint (a symphysis), to allow slight movement of the vertebrae, to act as a ligament to hold the vertebrae together, and to function as a shock absorber for the spine.
The Merkel cell expresses the PIEZO2 mechanosensitive ion channels; mechanical activation of the channel causes depolarisation of the Merkel cell and consequent release of [1] serotonin into a synapse with the associated nerve ending, to also depolarise the later. [3] The nerve ending meanwhile expresses an unknown mechanosensitive channel. [1]
Nervous tissue, also called neural tissue, is the main tissue component of the nervous system.The nervous system regulates and controls body functions and activity. It consists of two parts: the central nervous system (CNS) comprising the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system (PNS) comprising the branching peripheral nerves.
Nerve function depends on its blood supply. Arresting or inhibiting the blood supply can deprive nerve tissue of oxygen and other essential nutrients to induce a metabolic block, whereby the nerve is unable to function. [4] This block is purely a physiologic problem such that the structure of the nerve is unchanged. [2]