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The term sister group is used in phylogenetic analysis, however, only groups identified in the analysis are labeled as "sister groups".. An example is birds, whose commonly cited living sister group is the crocodiles, but that is true only when discussing extant organisms; [3] [4] when other, extinct groups are considered, the relationship between birds and crocodiles appears distant.
Taxoboxes display the "taxonomic hierarchy". ("Taxon" is a general term for a named group of organisms, such as a subspecies, a species, a family, an order, etc.) The taxonomic hierarchy shows the location of the taxon within a particular classification system; e.g. for a genus, it may show its family, order, etc. up to kingdom.
Some sequence analysis programs such as the ClustalW alignment program can write data files in the PHYLIP format. Most of the programs look for the data in a file called infile. If the phylip programs do not find this file, they then ask the user to type in the file name of the data file. [2]
Amborella trichopoda, the most basal extant angiosperm. The flowering plant family Amborellaceae, restricted to New Caledonia in the southwestern Pacific, [n 9] is a basal clade of extant angiosperms, [13] consisting of the most species, genus, family and order within the group that are sister to all other angiosperms (out of a total of about 250,000 angiosperm species).
One use is as "nearby group" (plesion means close to in Greek), i.e. sister group to a given taxon, whether that group is a crown group or not. [22] The term may also mean a group, possibly paraphyletic , defined by primitive traits (i.e. symplesiomorphies ). [ 23 ]
Pancrustacea is the clade that comprises all crustaceans and all hexapods (insects and relatives). [2] This grouping is contrary to the Atelocerata hypothesis, in which Hexapoda and Myriapoda are sister taxa, and Crustacea are only more distantly related.
In the late 20th century, it was recognized that the order Thysanura was paraphyletic, thus the two suborders were each raised to the status of an independent monophyletic order, with Archaeognatha sister taxon to the Dicondylia, including the Zygentoma. [5] The order Archaeognatha is cosmopolitan; it includes roughly 500 species in two ...
Kyonemichthys rumengani was originally described in 2007 based on an adult female specimen collected in the Lembeh Strait, Sulawesi. [4] Originally it was thought to be related to the pygmy pipehorse genera Acentronura & Idiotropiscis based on morphological similarities, but mitochondrial genetic analyses have found that Kyonemichthys is instead a sister taxon to Urocampus, forming a clade ...