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Hurtado notes that Paul valued the linkage with "Jewish Christian circles in Roman Judea", which makes it likely that his Christology was in line with, and indebted to, their views. [24] Hurtado further notes that "[i]t is widely accepted that the tradition that Paul recites in 1 Corinthians 15:1–17 must go back to the Jerusalem Church."
As a peripheral group of Palestinian Judaism, the early church of Jerusalem was severely affected by the intensifying conflicts between parts of the Jewish population and the Roman occupation. When Paul delivered his collection in Jerusalem, he found a large Jewish-Christian community that kept its distance from him.
Paul declared that "Christ is the end of the law", [371] exalted the Christian church as the body of Christ, and depicted the world outside the Church as under judgment. [45] Paul's writings include the earliest reference to the "Lord's Supper", [ 372 ] a rite traditionally identified as the Christian communion or Eucharist .
The First Jewish-Roman war, and the destruction of the Temple, was a main event in the development of both early Christianity and Rabbinic Judaism. Full scale open revolt against the Romans occurred with the First Jewish–Roman War in 66 CE. In 70 CE the Temple was destroyed.
Saint Peter, Paul and other Jewish Christians told the Jerusalem council that Gentiles were receiving the Holy Spirit, and so convinced the leaders of the Jerusalem Church to allow gentile converts exemption from most Jewish commandments at the Council of Jerusalem, which opened the way for a much larger Christian Church, extending far beyond ...
A turning point in Jewish-Christian relations took place when the Talmud was put "on trial" (1239) in a French court by Gregory IX (1237–1241) over contents that mocked the central figures of Christianity. The trial resulted in Talmudic Judaism being seen as so different from biblical Judaism that old Augustinian obligations to leave the Jews ...
The New Testament's Acts of the Apostles and Epistle to the Galatians record that an early Jewish Christian community [note 9] centered on Jerusalem, and that its leaders included Peter, James, the brother of Jesus, and John the Apostle. [99] The Jerusalem community "held a central place among all the churches," as witnessed by Paul's writings ...
Paul's "Road to Damascus" conversion to "Apostle to the Gentiles" is first recorded in Acts 9:13–16, cf. Gal 1:11–24; Peter baptizes the Roman Centurion Cornelius, who is traditionally considered the first Gentile convert to Christianity ; The Antioch church is founded, where the term Christian was first used