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Fipronil is a broad-spectrum insecticide that belongs to the phenylpyrazole insecticide class. [3] Fipronil disrupts the insect central nervous system by blocking the ligand-gated ion channel of the GABA A receptor (IRAC group 2B) and glutamate-gated chloride (GluCl) channels. This causes hyperexcitation of contaminated insects' nerves and muscles.
Chemical structure of fipronil, a common phenylpyrazole insecticide. Phenylpyrazole insecticides are a class of chemically-related broad-spectrum insecticides. [1] The chemical structures of these insecticides are characterized by a central pyrazole ring with a phenyl group attached to one of the nitrogen atoms of the pyrazole.
Chlorfenapyr was developed by American Cyanamid from the natural product dioxapyrrolomycin, which was isolated from Streptomyces fumanus. [2]The United States Environmental Protection Agency initially denied registration in 2000 for use on cotton primarily because of concerns that the insecticide was toxic to birds and because effective alternatives were available. [3]
Chlorantraniliprole is an insecticide of the diamide class used for insects found on fruit and vegetable crops as well as ornamental plants. [1]Chlorantraniliprole opens muscular calcium channels, in particular the ryanodine receptor, rapidly causing paralysis and ultimately death of sensitive species (IRAC class 28).
According to its materials safety data sheet (MSDS), methoprene is a material that may be irritating to the mucous membranes and upper respiratory tract; may be harmful by inhalation, ingestion, or skin absorption; may cause eye, skin, or respiratory system irritation; and is very toxic to aquatic life. [5]
4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) inhibitors (HPPD inhibitors) are a class of herbicides that prevent growth in plants by blocking 4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase, an enzyme in plants that breaks down the amino acid tyrosine into molecules that are then used by plants to create other molecules that plants need.
Pyriproxyfen is a pesticide which is found to be effective against a variety of insects. [3] It was introduced to the US in 1996, to protect cotton crops against whitefly. It has also been found useful for protecting other crops. [4] It is also used as a prevention for flea control on household pets, for killing indoor and outdoor ants and ...
Cyfluthrin is a pyrethroid insecticide and common household pesticide. It is a complex organic compound and the commercial product is sold as a mixture of isomers.Like most pyrethroids (MoA 3a), [1] it is highly toxic to fish and invertebrates, but it is far less toxic to humans. [2]