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Not all Christian confessions accept every figure on this list as a martyr or Christian—see the linked articles for fuller discussion. In many types of Christianity, martyrdom is considered a direct path to sainthood and many names on this list are viewed as saints in one or more confessions.
The Persecution of the Jews in the Roman Empire (300-428). University of Kansas Publications, 1952. Humanistic Studies, No. 30; Claudia Setzer. Jewish Responses to Early Christians: History and Polemics, 30-150 C.E. Fortress. Minneapolis. 1994 254pp. Steve Walton. "The State They Were In" in Peter Oakes (ed.), Rome in the Bible and the Early ...
The Knights Templar were accused of sodomy, heresy, and corruption and the members were persecuted. [152] In the crusades waged against non-Muslims, including Christians described as heretics, Catholic participants were promised the same spiritual rewards as were believed to be received by those who fought against Muslims in the Holy Land. [153]
In its first three centuries, the Christian church endured periods of persecution at the hands of Roman authorities. Christians were persecuted by local authorities on an intermittent and ad hoc basis. In addition, there were several periods of empire-wide persecution which were directed from the seat of government in Rome.
Saint George before Diocletian, in a 14th-century mural in Ubisi The reign of the emperor Diocletian (284−305) marked the final widespread persecution of Christians in the Roman Empire . The most intense period of violence came after Diocletian issued an edict in 303 more strictly enforcing adherence to the traditional religious practices of ...
Donatus, Romulus, Secundian, and 86 Companions: a group of Christians who were martyred at Concordia Sagittaria (at the time called Iulia Concordia), near Venice, during the Diocletian Persecution. First Martyrs of the Church of Rome: Christians martyred in the city of Rome during persecution by Nero in 64 AD
Protestants were executed in England under heresy laws during the reigns of Henry VIII (1509–1547) and Mary I (1553–1558), and in smaller numbers during the reigns of Edward VI (1547–1553), Elizabeth I (1558–1603), and James I (1603–1625). Most were executed in the short reign of Mary I in what is called the Marian persecutions.
[1] Canon 3 of the ecumenical Fourth Council of the Lateran, 1215 required secular authorities to "exterminate in the territories subject to their jurisdiction all heretics" pointed out by the Catholic Church, [2] resulting in the inquisitor executing certain people accused of heresy. Some laws allowed the civil government to employ punishment.