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Polyclonal response by B cells against linear epitopes [1] Examples of substances recognized as foreign (non-self). Polyclonal B cell response is a natural mode of immune response exhibited by the adaptive immune system of mammals.
B cell activation occurs in the secondary lymphoid organs (SLOs), such as the spleen and lymph nodes. [1] After B cells mature in the bone marrow, they migrate through the blood to SLOs, which receive a constant supply of antigen through circulating lymph. [14] At the SLO, B cell activation begins when the B cell binds to an antigen via its BCR ...
Persistent polyclonal B-cell lymphocytosis (PPBL) is an anomaly of the human immune system characterized by mildly elevated levels of white blood cells (called leukocytosis), chronic, stable absolute polyclonal B-cell lymphocytosis, elevated polyclonal IgM and binucleated cells. Although cases of non-smoking women or men have been reported ...
During B cell lymphopoiesis, CD19 surface expression starts during immunoglobulin (Ig) gene rearrangement, which coincides during B lineage commitment from hematopoietic stem cell. [8] Throughout development, the surface density of CD19 is highly regulated. [11] CD19 expression in mature B cells is threefold higher than that in immature B cells ...
The process of immunological B-cell maturation involves transformation from an undifferentiated B cell to one that secretes antibodies with particular specificity. [1] This differentiation and activation of the B cell occurs most rapidly after exposure to antigen by antigen-presenting cells in the reticuloendothelial system, and under modulation by T cells, and is closely intertwined with ...
A lymphocyte is a type of white blood cell (leukocyte) in the immune system of most vertebrates. [1] Lymphocytes include T cells (for cell-mediated and cytotoxic adaptive immunity), B cells (for humoral, antibody-driven adaptive immunity), [2] [3] and innate lymphoid cells (ILCs; "innate T cell-like" cells involved in mucosal immunity and homeostasis), of which natural killer cells are an ...
V(D)J recombination (variable–diversity–joining rearrangement) is the mechanism of somatic recombination that occurs only in developing lymphocytes during the early stages of T and B cell maturation. It results in the highly diverse repertoire of antibodies/immunoglobulins and T cell receptors (TCRs) found in B cells and T cells, respectively.
Downey type II cell is the most common type of reactive lymphocyte. In general, those cells may vary in morphologic detail as well as surface marker characteristics since this is the result of a polyclonal immune response to antigenic stimulation.