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Nephrosis is any of various forms of kidney disease (nephropathy). In an old and broad sense of the term, it is any nephropathy, [1] but in current usage the term is usually restricted to a narrower sense of nephropathy without inflammation or neoplasia, [2] in which sense it is distinguished from nephritis, which involves inflammation.
This form of nephropathy is "chronic analgesic nephritis", a chronic inflammatory change characterized by loss and atrophy of tubules and interstitial fibrosis and inflammation (BRS Pathology, 2nd ed.). Specifically, long-term use of the analgesic phenacetin has been linked to renal papillary necrosis (necrotizing papillitis).
Nephrology (from Ancient Greek nephros 'kidney' and -logy 'the study of') is a specialty for both adult internal medicine and pediatric medicine that concerns the study of the kidneys, specifically normal kidney function (renal physiology) and kidney disease (renal pathophysiology), the preservation of kidney health, and the treatment of kidney disease, from diet and medication to renal ...
Nephrology is the medical specialty which addresses diseases of kidney function: these include CKD, nephritic and nephrotic syndromes, acute kidney injury, and pyelonephritis. Urology addresses diseases of kidney (and urinary tract) anatomy: these include cancer, renal cysts, kidney stones and ureteral stones, and urinary tract obstruction. [7]
The closely related terms membranous nephropathy (MN) [23] and membranous glomerulopathy [24] both refer to a similar constellation but without the assumption of inflammation. Membranous nephritis (in which inflammation is implied, but the glomerulus not explicitly mentioned) is less common, but the phrase is occasionally encountered. [ 25 ]
Acute kidney injury (AKI), previously called acute renal failure (ARF), [1] [2] is a sudden decrease in kidney function that develops within seven days, [3] as shown by an increase in serum creatinine or a decrease in urine output, or both.
Glomerulonephritis (GN) is a term used to refer to several kidney diseases (usually affecting both kidneys). Many of the diseases are characterised by inflammation either of the glomeruli or of the small blood vessels in the kidneys, hence the name, [ 1 ] but not all diseases necessarily have an inflammatory component.
Mesoamerican nephropathy, is "a new form of kidney disease that could be called agricultural nephropathy". [46] A high and so-far unexplained number of new cases of CKD, referred to as the Mesoamerican nephropathy, has been noted among male workers in Central America, mainly in sugarcane fields in the lowlands of El Salvador and Nicaragua.