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2. Water softening - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_softening

   Water softening is the removal of calcium, magnesium, and certain other metal cations in hard water. The resulting soft water requires less soap for the same cleaning effort, as soap is not wasted bonding with calcium ions. Soft water also extends the lifetime of plumbing by reducing or eliminating scale build-up in pipes

3. Dealkalization of water - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dealkalization_of_water

   Chloride cycle dealkalizers operate similar to sodium cycle cation water softeners. Like water softeners, dealkalizers contain ion-exchange resins that are regenerated with a concentrated salt solution - NaCl. In the case of a water softener, the cation exchange resin is exchanging sodium (the Na + ion of NaCl) for hardness minerals such as ...

4. Hard water - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hard_water

   A common method for water softening involves the use of ion-exchange resins, which replace ions like Ca 2+ by twice the number of mono cations such as sodium or potassium ions. Washing soda (sodium carbonate, Na 2 CO 3) is easily obtained and has long been used as a water softener for domestic laundry, in conjunction with the usual soap or ...

5. Dishwasher salt - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dishwasher_salt

   Dishwasher salt is a particular grade of granulated, crystalline sodium chloride intended for regenerating the water softener circuit of household or industrial dishwashers. Analogous to water softener salt, dishwasher salt regenerates ion exchange resins, expelling the therein trapped calcium and magnesium ions that characterize hard water.

6. Water treatment - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_treatment

   Dalecarlia Water Treatment Plant, Washington, D.C. Water treatment is any process that improves the quality of water to make it appropriate for a specific end-use. The end use may be drinking, industrial water supply, irrigation, river flow maintenance, water recreation or many other uses, including being safely returned to the environment.

7. Electrodeionization - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrodeionization

   Electrodeionization (EDI) is a water treatment technology that utilizes DC power, ion exchange membranes, and ion exchange resin to deionize water. EDI is typically employed as a polishing treatment following reverse osmosis (RO), and is used in the production of ultrapure water. It differs from other RO polishing methods, like chemically ...