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Economic history of the Russian Empire. Russian national income per capita increased and moved to closer to the most developed economies of Northern and Western Europe from the late 17th century to the 1740s. [2] After the 1740s, the Russian economy stagnated and declined. In the 18th century, Russian national income per capita was about 40 ...
Socio-economic reforms in China, Laos, and Vietnam; Dissolution of the Warsaw Pact, Comecon, and Eastern Bloc; Formation of the Russian Federation and the independence of 15 states from the former Soviet Union; Transfer of power to multi-party governments in Poland, Hungary, East Germany, Czechoslovakia, Romania, Bulgaria, Mongolia, and Albania
History of the Soviet Union. The history of the Soviet Union from 1982 through 1991 spans the period from the Soviet leader Leonid Brezhnev 's death until the dissolution of the Soviet Union. Due to the years of Soviet military buildup at the expense of domestic development, and complex systemic problems in the command economy, Soviet output ...
t. e. The history of the Soviet Union from 1964 to 1982, referred to as the Brezhnev Era, covers the period of Leonid Brezhnev 's rule of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR). This period began with high economic growth and soaring prosperity, but gradually significant problems in social, political, and economic areas accumulated, so ...
The economy of the Soviet Union was based on state ownership of the means of production, collective farming, and industrial manufacturing. An administrative-command system managed a distinctive form of central planning. The Soviet economy was characterized by state control of investment, prices, a dependence on natural resources, lack of ...
Germany fought against Russia in World War I (1914–1918). Relations were warm in the 1920s, very cold throughout the 1930s, cooperative and friendly in 1939–41, [ 2 ] and hostile in 1941–45. In the 1920s both countries co-operated with each other in trade and (secretly) in military affairs.
By 2016, the Russian economy rebounded with 0.3% GDP growth and officially exited recession. The growth continued in 2017, with an increase of 1.5%. [145] [146] In January 2016, Bloomberg rated Russia's economy as the 12th most innovative in the world, [147] up from 14th in January 2015 [148] and 18th in January 2014. [149]
In the 1970s and 1980s, the Soviet Union relied heavily on various kinds of fuel exports to earn hard currency, and Western partners regarded the Soviet Union as an extremely reliable supplier of oil and natural gas. In the 1980s, the Soviet Union gave domestic priority to gas, coal, and nuclear power in order to free more oil reserves for export.