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Realism, a school of thought in international relations theory, is a theoretical framework that views world politics as an enduring competition among self-interested states vying for power and positioning within an anarchic global system devoid of a centralized authority.
Randall Schweller, "Bandwagoning for Profit: Bringing the Revisionist State Back in", International Security 19:1 (Summer 1994) and Randall Schweller, "Neorealism's Status-Quo Bias: What Security Dilemma?" Security Studies 5:3 (Spring 1996). Schweller is an avid guitarist and fronted a cover band of the Grateful Dead named "Timberwolf." [5]
Agential realism is a theory proposed by Karen Barad, in which the universe comprises phenomena which are "the ontological inseparability of intra-acting agencies". Intra-action , a neologism introduced by Barad, signals an important challenge to individualist metaphysics .
Balancing can be carried out through internal or external efforts and means. Internal balancing involves efforts to enhance state's power by increasing one's economic resources and military strength in order to be able to rely on independent capabilities in response to a potential hegemon and be able to compete more effectively in the international system.
A foundational study in the area of defensive realism is Robert Jervis' classic 1978 article on the "security dilemma." It examines how uncertainty and the offense-defense balance may heighten or soften the security dilemma. [21] Building on Jervis, Stephen Van Evera explores the causes of war from a defensive realist perspective. [22]
Offensive realism is a prominent and important theory of international relations belonging to the realist school of thought, which includes various sub-trends characterised by the different perspectives of representative scholars such as Robert Gilpin, Eric J. Labs, Dylan Motin, Sebastian Rosato, Randall Schweller and Fareed Zakaria.
Here, he distinguishes between motives that are "security-seeking" or "greedy." [9] The book provides a defensive realist approach to international relations. It rejects that the international system consistently favors competitive behavior between states. The book was debated in an issue of Security Studies. [10]
The Welsh School (sometimes the Aberystwyth School) also known as emancipatory realism is a school within the discipline of security studies. It is a critical approach that aims to link security to critical theory [ 1 ] and which relies upon insights from the Frankfurt School and Gramscian thinking for its framework.