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The researcher attempts to describe accurately the interaction between the instrument (or the human senses) and the entity being observed.If instrumentation is involved, the researcher is expected to calibrate his/her instrument by applying it to known standard objects and documenting the results before applying it to unknown objects.
Empirical evidence is evidence obtained through sense experience or experimental procedure. It is of central importance to the sciences and plays a role in various other fields, like epistemology and law.
In the applied sciences, normative science is a type of information that is developed, presented, or interpreted based on an assumed, usually unstated, preference for a particular outcome, policy or class of policies or outcomes. [1]
Normativity is the phenomenon in human societies of designating some actions or outcomes as good, desirable, or permissible, and others as bad, undesirable, or impermissible.
In probability theory, an empirical process is a stochastic process that characterizes the deviation of the empirical distribution function from its expectation. In mean field theory, limit theorems (as the number of objects becomes large) are considered and generalise the central limit theorem for empirical measures.
Empirical sociology is the study of sociology based on methodological methods and techniques for collecting, processing, and communicating primary sociological information. . Describes the situation of the aspects of social life such as economy, law, family, and politics during the research.
Empiric therapy or empirical therapy is medical treatment or therapy based on experience [1] and, more specifically, therapy begun on the basis of a clinical "educated guess" in the absence of complete or perfect information.
Positive economics as a science concerns the investigation of economic behavior. [4] It deals with empirical facts as well as cause-and-effect relationships. It emphasizes that economic theories must be consistent with existing observations and produce precise, verifiable predictions about the phenomena under investigation.