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Book cover of the 1979 paperback edition. Hubert Dreyfus was a critic of artificial intelligence research. In a series of papers and books, including Alchemy and AI, What Computers Can't Do (1972; 1979; 1992) and Mind over Machine, he presented a pessimistic assessment of AI's progress and a critique of the philosophical foundations of the field.
Dreyfus, Hubert (1972), What Computers Can't Do, New York: MIT Press, ISBN 978-0-06-011082-6 Dreyfus, Hubert (1979), What Computers Still Can't Do , New York: MIT Press . Dreyfus, Hubert ; Dreyfus, Stuart (1986), Mind over Machine: The Power of Human Intuition and Expertise in the Era of the Computer , Oxford, U.K.: Blackwell
Brothers Stuart and Hubert Dreyfus originally proposed the model in 1980 in an 18-page report on their research at the University of California, Berkeley, Operations Research Center for the United States Air Force Office of Scientific Research. [1] The model was elaborated in more detail in their book Mind Over Machine (1986/1988). [2]
Hubert Lederer Dreyfus (/ ˈ d r aɪ f ə s / DRY-fəs; October 15, 1929 – April 22, 2017) was an American philosopher and a professor of philosophy at the University of California, Berkeley. His main interests included phenomenology , existentialism and the philosophy of both psychology and literature , as well as the philosophical ...
The Camille and Henry Dreyfus Foundation is a New York City-based foundation founded in 1946 by chemist and investor Camille Dreyfus in honour of his brother, Henry Dreyfus. [2] The two men invented the acetate yarn Celanese , and Henry Dreyfus was founder and chairman of British Celanese , parent of the Celanese Corporation of America. [ 3 ]
Later symbolic AI work after the 1980's incorporated more robust approaches to open-ended domains such as probabilistic reasoning, non-monotonic reasoning, and machine learning. Currently, most AI researchers [citation needed] believe deep learning , and more likely, a synthesis of neural and symbolic approaches ( neuro-symbolic AI ), will be ...
Using the principles of Martin Heidegger's philosophy, Dreyfus has been critical of cognitivism from the beginning. Despite continued resistance by old-school philosophers of cognition, he felt vindicated by the growth of new approaches. When Dreyfus' ideas were first introduced in the mid-1960s, they were met with ridicule and outright hostility.
Hubert Dreyfus has also criticized the idea that the "background" can be represented symbolically. [ 81 ] To each of these suggestions, Searle's response is the same: no matter how much knowledge is written into the program and no matter how the program is connected to the world, he is still in the room manipulating symbols according to rules.