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A nabothian cyst (or nabothian follicle) [1] is a mucus-filled cyst on the surface of the cervix. They are most often caused when stratified squamous epithelium of the ectocervix (portion nearest to the vagina) grows over the simple columnar epithelium of the endocervix (portion nearest to the uterus).
Symptoms depend on whether the cervical canal is partially or completely obstructed and on the patient's menopausal status. Pre-menopausal patients may have a build up of blood inside the uterus which may cause infection, sporadic bleeding, or pelvic pain. Patients also have an increased risk of infertility and endometriosis. [1]
On occasion an ovarian cyst can rupture and give rise to internal hemorrhage. This may occur during ovulation or as a result of endometriosis . If the pregnancy test is positive, consider pregnancy related bleeding (see obstetrical hemorrhage ), including miscarriage and ectopic pregnancy .
Ovarian cysts—the ovary produces a large, painful cyst, which may rupture. Asherman's syndrome (AS) is an acquired uterine condition that occurs when scar tissue form inside the uterus and/or the cervix. Ovarian torsion—the ovary is twisted in a way that interferes with its blood supply. (pain on one side only) Pudendal nerve entrapment
The most common causes for adnexal masses in premenopausal women include follicular cysts and corpus luteum cysts. Abscesses can form as a complication of pelvic inflammatory disease. In postmenopausal women, adnexal masses may be caused by cancer, fibroids, fibromas, or diverticular abscesses.
Signs and symptoms, when present, may include lower abdominal pain, vaginal discharge, fever, burning with urination, pain with sex, bleeding after sex, or irregular menstruation. [1] Untreated PID can result in long-term complications including infertility , ectopic pregnancy , chronic pelvic pain , and cancer .
A corpus luteum cyst or luteal cyst is a type of ovarian cyst which may rupture about the time of menstruation, and take up to three months to disappear entirely. A corpus luteum cyst does not often occur in women over the age of 50, because eggs are no longer being released after menopause. Corpus luteum cysts may contain blood and other fluids.
A Bartholin's cyst occurs when a Bartholin's gland within the labia becomes blocked. [4] Small cysts may result in minimal or no symptoms. [1] Larger cysts may result in swelling on one side of the vaginal opening, as well as pain during sex or walking. [4] If the cyst becomes infected, an abscess can occur, which is typically red and very ...