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[74] [full citation needed] Between the ninth and 10th centuries, Arab authors began calling the region between the Kura and Aras "Arran". [75] [full citation needed] Arabs from Basra and Kufa came to Azerbaijan, seizing abandoned lands. At the beginning of the eighth century, Azerbaijan was the centre of the caliphate–Khazar–Byzantine wars.
Azerbaijan, [a] officially the Republic of Azerbaijan, [b] is a transcontinental and landlocked country at the boundary of West Asia and Eastern Europe. [10] It is a part of the South Caucasus region and is bounded by the Caspian Sea to the east, Russia's republic of Dagestan to the north, Georgia to the northwest, Armenia and Turkey to the west, and Iran to the south.
In 1918–1920, Lorenz Kuhn was the representative of the German population in the parliament of the Democratic Republic of Azerbaijan. At that time, one of important historical events in the Germans' life took place, the 100th anniversary of the Germans' settlement and Helenendorf colony were celebrated in Azerbaijan on June 9, 1919. [2]
The mechanized German army aimed to secure a large supply of oil. Baku, the capital of Azerbaijan, provided an overwhelming share of Soviet oil production.In an agreement of February 1940 following the August 1939 Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, Germany and the Soviet Union committed to exchange German machinery, manufactures, and technology for Soviet resources.
The adoption of such documents as the UN General Assembly Resolution on the Extradition of the Prisoners of War and the Punishment of War Criminals (13 February 1946), the 1947 Treaty on Peace Agreements of the Anti-Hitler Coalition with Italy, Finland, Romania, Hungary and Bulgaria, the 1949 Geneva Convention, was the main reason for repatriation of the German prisoners of war.
About Azerbaijan: Hitler personally wanted to give it and Dagestan to Pahlavi Iran (but with Extraterritorial rights to maintain the economical control of Baku's Oil with permission to had military bases for a German Fleet in the Caspian Sea), however most of Nazi leaders wanted to fully conquer it and be the jewel of the Lebensraum (expelling ...
On 27 April of the same year, units of the Russian 11th Red Army crossed the border of Azerbaijan and began to march towards Baku. Soviet Russia presented the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic with an ultimatum to surrender, and the troops entered Baku the next day, accompanied by Grigory Ordzhonikidze and Sergey Kirov of the Bolshevik Kavbiuro. [23]
On January 23, 1945, the Academy of Sciences of the Azerbaijan SSR was established. [16] To this day, there are monuments to war heroes in Baku—Mehdi Huseynzade, Hazi Aslanov, Geray Asadov, Richard Sorge (1981). The memorial complex "Mass Grave" and the memorial monument "1941–1945" were built. [17]