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Iodine-131 (131 I, I-131) is an important radioisotope of iodine discovered by Glenn Seaborg and John Livingood in 1938 at the University of California, Berkeley. [3] It has a radioactive decay half-life of about eight days. It is associated with nuclear energy, medical diagnostic and treatment procedures, and natural gas production.
Iodine-124 can be made by numerous nuclear reactions via a cyclotron. The most common starting material used is 124 Te. Iodine-124 as the iodide salt can be used to directly image the thyroid using positron emission tomography (PET). [9] Iodine-124 can also be used as a PET radiotracer with a usefully longer half-life compared with fluorine-18 ...
With a short half-life of 8 days, this radioisotope is not of practical use in radioactive sources in industrial radiography or sensing. However, since iodine is a component of biological molecules such as thyroid hormones, iodine-131 is of great importance in nuclear medicine, and in medical and biological research as a radioactive tracer.
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Radioisotopes of hydrogen, carbon, phosphorus, sulfur, and iodine have been used extensively to trace the path of biochemical reactions. A radioactive tracer can also be used to track the distribution of a substance within a natural system such as a cell or tissue , [ 1 ] or as a flow tracer to track fluid flow .
Iodine: 131 I: 8.02 d: Reason for the use of potassium iodide tablets after nuclear accidents or nuclear bomb explosions. 2.2713%: Promethium: 147 Pm: 2.62 y: beta decays to very long lived Samarium-147 (half life>age of the universe); has seen some use in radioisotope thermoelectric generators: 1.0888%: Samarium: 149 Sm: Observationally stable
A total of 511 PBq of iodine-131 was released into both the atmosphere and the ocean, 13.5 PBq of caesium-134 and 13.6 PBq of caesium-137. [62] In May 2012, TEPCO reported that at least 900 PBq had been released "into the atmosphere in March last year [2011] alone" [ 63 ] [ 64 ] up from previous estimates of 360–370 PBq total.
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 25 February 2025. This article is about the chemical element. For other uses, see Iodine (disambiguation). Chemical element with atomic number 53 (I) Iodine, 53 I Iodine Pronunciation / ˈ aɪ ə d aɪ n, - d ɪ n, - d iː n / (EYE -ə-dyne, -din, -deen) Appearance lustrous metallic gray solid ...