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Map of Rome in the time of the Roman Republic. The pomerium at that time is marked in pink; the Capitoline and Aventine are extra pomerium, 'beyond the wall', with their boundaries in yellow. The pomerium or pomoerium was a religious boundary around the city of Rome and cities controlled by Rome.
After the calendar reform that resulted in a 12-month year, October became the tenth month, but retained its numerical name, as did the other months from September to December. Some of the observances in October marked the close of the season for military campaigning and farming, which commenced in March (Martius, "Mars' month").
The Roman calendar was the calendar used by the Roman Kingdom and Roman Republic. Although the term is primarily used for Rome's pre-Julian calendars, it is often used inclusively of the Julian calendar established by Julius Caesar in 46 BC. [a] According to most Roman accounts, their original calendar was established by their legendary first ...
The October Horse figured in the elaborate efforts of the 19th-century chronologist Edward Greswell to ascertain the date of that event. Greswell assumed that the Equus October commemorated the date Troy fell, and after accounting for adjustments to the original Roman calendar as a result of the Julian reform, arrived at October 19, 1181 BC. [145]
Numerous accounts of the founding of Rome exist, but the particular one related to the Parilia is described by Ovid in his Fasti. According to this myth, Romulus , upon reaching Rome on the day of the Parilia, took a stick and engraved a line in the ground that defined the boundaries of the new city ( pomerium ) .
Festivals in ancient Rome were a very important part in Roman religious life during both the Republican and Imperial eras, and one of the primary feat of "holy days"; singular also feriae or dies ferialis) were either public (publicae) or private . State holidays were celebrated by the Roman people and received public funding.
Augustus shifted the focus of Mars' cult to within the pomerium (Rome's ritual boundary), and built a temple to Mars Ultor as a key religious feature of his new forum. [ 9 ] Unlike Ares, who was viewed primarily as a destructive and destabilizing force, Mars represented military power as a way to secure peace , and was a father (pater) of the ...
The second event used to support his claim was the Anna Perenna. This event was when the plebs would go out to Campus Martius to eat and drink. [19] The reason why Anna Perenna was important was because she was an ugly hag and she represented the end of a year, and Mars represented the nice beginning of the year. [20]