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Actinomycosis is a rare infectious bacterial disease caused by the gram-positive Actinomyces species. [1] The name refers to ray-like appearance of the organisms in the granules. About 70% of infections are due to either Actinomyces israelii or A. gerencseriae. [1] Infection can also be caused by Streptomyces somaliensis and Propionibacterium ...
Actinomyces species may form endospores, and while individual bacteria are rod-shaped, Actinomyces colonies form fungus-like branched networks of hyphae. [3] The aspect of these colonies initially led to the incorrect assumption that the organism was a fungus and to the name Actinomyces , "ray fungus" (from Greek actis , ray or beam, and mykes ...
Actinomycetoma is a chronic bacterial subcutaneous infection caused by Actinomyces that affect the skin and connective tissue. [1] It is, therefore, a form of actinomycosis . [ 2 ] Mycetoma is a broad term which includes actinomycetoma and eumycetoma under it.
Actinomycosis is most frequently caused by A. israelii. [4] It is a normal colonizer of the vagina, [ 5 ] colon, and mouth. [ 6 ] Infection is established first by a breach of the mucosal barrier during various procedures (dental, gastrointestinal), aspiration, or pathologies such as diverticulitis . [ 7 ]
Most are non-infectious, although there are some non-communicable infectious diseases, such as parasitic diseases in which the parasite's life cycle does not include direct host-to-host transmission. The four main NCDs that are the leading causes of death globally are cardiovascular disease , cancer , chronic respiratory diseases , and diabetes .
Cutaneous actinomycosis is a chronic disease that affects the deep subcutaneous tissue of the skin. Caused by an anaerobic, Gram-positive, filamentous type of bacteria in the genus Actinomyces, [1]: 270 invasion of the soft tissue leads to the formation of abnormal channels leading to the skin surface (external sinus tracts) that discharge pale yellow sulfur granules.
The disease occurs when there is physical damage to the tissue of the mouth, allowing the bacteria to colonize the deep tissue and bone, typically affecting the mandible and maxilla. [5] Actinomycosis is pathognomonic for abscesses containing "sulfur" granules, and its colonies appear basophilic with club-shaped reaction products on a ...
Schaalia turicensis (formerly Actinomyces turicensis) is a Gram-positive bacterium found in the flora of the oral cavity, gut, skin, and female urogenital tract. [2] S. turicensis is an important human pathogen of soft tissue infections in the lower body. [3] S. turicensis is a facultative anaerobe, growing in air and CO 2 conditions.