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ASTM A325 is an ASTM International standard for heavy hex structural bolts, titled Standard Specification for Structural Bolts, Steel, Heat Treated, 120/105 ksi Minimum Tensile Strength. It defines mechanical properties for bolts that range from 1 ⁄ 2 to 1 + 1 ⁄ 2 inches (13 to 38 mm) in diameter.
This standard defines property classes, the metric equivalent of a screw grade, that are almost identical to those defined by ISO 898-1, [2] except for the addition of the 8.8.3 and 10.9.3 classes. These two additional standards are fasteners that have the same mechanical properties as their base property class (i.e. 8.8 and 10.9), but are made ...
Torsional test and minimum torques for bolts and screws with nominal diameters 1 mm to 10 mm [8] With exception to part 7, which defines test standards, the parts of this standard define properties for fasteners made of carbon steel and alloy steel .
And the absence of marking/number indicates a lower grade bolt with low strength. The property classes most often used are 5.8, 8.8, and 10.9. The number before the point is the ultimate tensile strength in MPa divided by 100.
The length of a machine screw or bolt is indicated by an × and the length expressed in millimetres (e.g. M8-1.25×30 or M8×30). [citation needed] Tolerance classes defined in ISO 965-1 can be appended to these designations, if required (e.g. M500– 6g in external threads). External threads are designated by lowercase letter, g or h.
Bolted joint in vertical section Screw joint. The distinction between a bolt and a screw is poorly defined. The academic distinction, per Machinery's Handbook, [3] is in their intended purpose: bolts are designed to pass through an unthreaded hole in a component and be fastened with the aid of a nut.
The torque applied to the fastener must be determined such that it does not contribute to a service condition where the fastener enters a low-cycle fatigue regime. In general, the use of torque-to-yield fasteners is deprecated except in cases where the materials and structures comprising the entire assembly are certified to be within tolerances ...
torque controlled: the anchor is inserted into the hole and secured by applying a specified torque to the bolt head or nut with a torque wrench. A particular sub-category of this anchor is called wedge type. As shown in the figure, tightening the bolt results in a wedge being driven up against a sleeve, which expands it and causes it to ...