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It has a flat, polished surface, typically with a transparent surface that refracts light inside the gemstone and reflects light on the outside. [5] In the case of a cabochon stone, the side of the stone is usually cut at a shallow angle, so that when the bezel is pushed over the stone, the angle permits it to hold the stone tightly in place.
Lonsdaleite (named in honour of Kathleen Lonsdale), also called hexagonal diamond in reference to the crystal structure, is an allotrope of carbon with a hexagonal lattice, as opposed to the cubical lattice of conventional diamond.
Gadolinite; Gahnite; Gahnospinel; Garnet group: Pyralspite. Almandine; Pyrope; Spessartine; Ugrandite. Andradite. Demantoid; Melanite; Topazolite; Grossular ...
Hiddenite is a pale-to-emerald green variety of spodumene that is sometimes used as a gemstone. The first specimens of the hiddenite variety of spodumene were recovered circa 1879 near the settlement of White Plains, west of Stony Point, Alexander County, North Carolina. According to contemporary accounts, a man named Lackey brought them to the ...
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Despite the similarity of their names, chrysoberyl and beryl are two completely different gemstones, although they both contain beryllium. Chrysoberyl is the third-hardest frequently encountered natural gemstone and lies at 8.5 on the Mohs scale of mineral hardness, between corundum (9) and topaz (8). [7]
Many colored gemstones are expected to have inclusions which do not greatly affect their values. They are categorized into three types: [2] Type I colored gems, such as aquamarines, topaz and zircon, have very few or no inclusions. Type II colored gems, such as sapphire, ruby, garnet and spinel, often have a few inclusions.
A number of individual gemstones are famous in their own right, either because of their size and beauty or because of the people who owned or wore them. Aquamarines [ edit ]