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Kotor was home to a notable naval academy, the Scuola Nautica. [18] The fleet peaked at 300 ships in the 18th century, when Boka was a rival to Dubrovnik and Venice. During the Austro-Hungarian period, the Bay of Kotor produced the majority of sea captains of the Österreichischer Lloyd shipping company. [19]
Between the 14th century and 1808, Dubrovnik ruled itself as a free state, although it was a tributary from 1382 to 1804 of the Ottoman Empire and paid an annual tribute to its sultan. [28] The Republic reached its peak in the 15th and 16th centuries, when its thalassocracy rivalled that of the Republic of Venice and other Italian maritime ...
Kotor is the administrative centre of Kotor municipality, which includes the towns of Risan and Perast, as well as many small hamlets around the Bay of Kotor, and has a population of 21,916. [22] The town of Kotor itself has 1,360 inhabitants, but the administrative limits of the town encompass only the area of the Old Town.
The same year, the ethnic Croatian areas of the Zeta Banovina from the Bay of Kotor to Pelješac, including Dubrovnik, were merged with a new Banovina of Croatia. During World War II , in 1941, Nazi Germany , Fascist Italy , Hungary , and Bulgaria occupied Yugoslavia, redrawing their borders to include former parts of the Yugoslavian state.
In 1979, the old city of Dubrovnik, which includes a substantial portion of the old walls of Dubrovnik, joined the UNESCO list of World Heritage Sites. [4] [8] Today, the Walls of Dubrovnik are one of the most popular tourist attractions in Croatia, [9] with more than 1.2 million visitors in 2019. [10]
The use of desulfurised fuels has led to a 25% reduction of sulphur dioxide emissions between 1997 and 2004, and a further 7.2% drop by 2007. The rise in NO x emissions halted in 2007 and reversed in 2008. [69] The use of unleaded petrol reduced emissions of lead into the atmosphere by 91.5% between 1997 and 2004.
North of the Prevlaka isthmus, just within the Bay of Kotor, lie the two less prominent capes Konfin and Kobila, [2] to the northwest of which is a road border crossing between Croatia and Montenegro. The D516 highway connects it to Konavle and the D8; northwards the road connects to Njivice, Sutorina, and Igalo.
The island of Koločep lies at a distance of 1 kilometre (0.6 miles) from the closest point on the mainland and about the same distance from the peninsula of Lapad, further east towards the city of Dubrovnik itself.