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Cyanosis is the change of body tissue color to a bluish-purple hue, as a result of decrease in the amount of oxygen bound to the hemoglobin in the red blood cells of the capillary bed. [1] Cyanosis is apparent usually in the body tissues covered with thin skin , including the mucous membranes , lips, nail beds , and ear lobes. [ 1 ]
This would seem to support case studies reporting acrocyanosis as an unusual side effect for pediatric patients taking tricyclic antidepressants, as these medications can inhibit the reuptake of serotonin and thus increase their blood concentrations. [9] Acrocyanosis has been reported in association with many other medications and substances. [1]
Ferrihemoglobin cannot carry oxygen, but the amount of ferrihemoglobin that can be formed without impairing oxygen transport is much greater than the amount of COX in the body. [25]: 1475 Cyanide is a broad-spectrum poison because the reaction it inhibits is essential to aerobic metabolism; COX is found in multiple forms of life. [28]
Side effects may include irritation of the skin and discoloration of clothing. [2] A harsh burn on a child from an undissolved tablet has been reported. [10] For treating eczema, it is recommended using for a few days at a time due to the possibility of it irritating the skin. [10] Higher concentration solutions can result in chemical burns. [11]
Livedo reticularis is a common skin finding consisting of a mottled reticulated vascular pattern that appears as a lace-like purplish discoloration of the skin. [1] The discoloration is caused by reduction in blood flow through the arterioles that supply the cutaneous capillaries, resulting in deoxygenated blood showing as blue discoloration ().
ITPP is a membrane-permeant allosteric regulator of hemoglobin that mildly reduces its oxygen-binding affinity, which shifts the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve to the right and thereby increases oxygen release from the blood into tissue. [1] Phytic acid, in contrast, is not membrane-permeant due to its charge distribution. [1]
Additionally, the oxygen that is already bound is held more tightly to the hemoglobin due to a higher affinity, resulting in less oxygen delivery. A methemoglobin level > 1.5 g/dL causes cyanosis . The most common congenital cause is a deficiency in the enzyme cytochrome b5 reductase which reduces methemoglobin in the blood.
Hypoxia is a condition in which the body or a region of the body is deprived of adequate oxygen supply at the tissue level. [1] Hypoxia may be classified as either generalized, affecting the whole body, or local, affecting a region of the body. [2]